Domestic cars seem to be specially created for tuning. Almost half of the owners sooner or later come to various modifications to factory solutions: this especially applies to VAZovods. One of the popular modifications is the installation of DBP and DTV instead of the standard mass air flow sensor.
Let's understand the terms:
- Mass air flow sensor, almost no modern injection engine can do without it;
- DBP - absolute air pressure sensor;
- DTV - air temperature sensor (can exist separately, or be integrated into the mass air flow sensor).
The designers of the car plant provided only an air flow meter, why do many VAZ owners try to get rid of it in favor of an absolute pressure sensor?
Needed for replacement
Requirements for the ECU (electronic engine control unit):
- ─ January 5.1 2112-1411020-41;
- ─ January 5.1 2111-1411020-61.
A good option is January 7.2. It has free firmware J7ESA, on which you can easily organize DBP. January-5 2111-71,2112-71 and ECUs from BOSCH cannot work with DBP. In this case, it is recommended to replace the ECU (price from 3,000 rubles).
Absolute pressure sensor (DBP or MAP sensor):
- ─ Most often this is a sensor from Gazelle (manufactured in Kaluga), catalog number 45.3829 or 745.3829;
- ─ VW AG 03D906 051 Siemens SME 5WK96930-R (presence of a built-in intake air temperature sensor).
Air temperature sensor (ATS):
Antenna for reception
To directly receive the signal you will need a digital universal car TV antenna. It is considered the best option for use and can ensure the operation of any decoders.
The designs work with dvb t2 set-top boxes, and the car antenna itself can be offered in several versions:
- External, mounted on the body or glass.
- Internal, it is used inside the car.
- Universal - can be installed both outside and inside the cabin.
The device provides signal reception according to the dvb t2 standard, after which the car antenna amplifies it to improve quality. This ensures full use of the system and excellent channel performance.
The digital TV antenna is available for the car with moisture protection. This eliminates the possibility of its breakdown as a result of adverse weather influences, and in this regard the car enthusiast will not have any problems.
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- ─ from Niva, catalog number 21214-1413110;
- ─ from Daewoo Nexia 25037223;
- ─ DTOZH VAZ (turbine needs modification).
You will also need:
- ─ Speed sensor connector (for DBP);
- ─ Connector for coolant temperature sensor (for DTV);
- ─ Vacuum hose and tee;
- ─ Wire about 2.5 meters;
- ─ Lyra type terminals.
Firmware for DBP and DTV
After replacing the mass air flow sensor with DBP and DTV, it is necessary to recalibrate the ECU firmware, because For new sensors, different calibrations must be used. Example firmware for ECU Y5.1 without mass air flow sensor: J5LS (J5 Light Sport), J5SPT0005 (J7SPT0005). How to configure firmware for video:
Result : we get high reliability, but an increased delay when pressing the gas pedal. On a naturally aspirated engine, a system with a mass air flow sensor will be more preferable, since it has greater measurement accuracy, and the use of air pressure sensor and air flow sensor on a production engine is impractical. What do you think, is it worth switching from mass air flow sensor to air pressure sensor and air flow sensor on a stock engine without tuning?
Does it make sense to switch from mass air flow sensor to DBP and DTV on an engine without modifications?
Your feedback on the operation of DBP and DTV on a stock engine:
Has the response time of the gas pedal changed when switching to DBP and DTV?
Source
Absolute pressure sensor (MAP-Sensor) on a VAZ
The idea of using DBP (Absolute Pressure Sensor, also known as MAP-Sensor) to estimate the amount of air consumed by the engine instead of the usual mass air flow sensor (MAF) on the domestic injection system January 5 has been floating around for a long time. The root cause is the MAF crisis of 2003 - 2003, when the sensor suddenly became incredibly expensive and scammers, having learned about them from car services, threw a huge amount of counterfeit products onto the market. A wave of thefts of air flow sensors directly from cars has also swept across the country. Many still remember the special lock for the mass air flow sensor (“chastity belt”), which appeared on sale at that time. It was then that an intensive search began for hardware and software solutions for “implanting” DBP on the domestic VAZ injection system.
The advantages of installing a DBP - greater speed, high reliability and unpretentiousness of the MAP sensor - make the modification very attractive. Moreover, many foreign cars are equipped with similar systems as standard. Looking ahead, I will say that, be that as it may, a system with a mass air flow sensor (MAF) on a naturally aspirated engine is more preferable, since it has greater measurement accuracy and the use of MAP on a production engine is impractical. For example, with DBP it is almost impossible to “fit” into EURO-III toxicity standards. And the situation with the mass air flow sensor was smoothly resolved, so it is completely illogical to use “bypass” technology on a production car.
To switch to DBP you need:
— Absolute pressure sensor, then DBP, a sensor that measures absolute pressure.
Absolute pressure
─ this is the true pressure of liquids, vapors and gases, measured from absolute zero pressure ─ absolute vacuum. It is installed in the after-throttle space of the intake receiver; when the engine is turned off, the readings tend to atmospheric, when idling they tend to vacuum, and when the damper is partially opened, they tend to atmospheric. The sensors differ in the upper value of the measured pressure and, as a result, some are suitable for use only in naturally aspirated engines, some in turbocharged ones. Theoretically, for naturally aspirated engines you can also use those with a turbo, but the mixture compositions will be less accurate, and this is not good; there may be problems with setting the idle speed. Use only the DBP that is needed, do not take it in excess.
— Air temperature sensor
, then DTV, a sensor that measures air temperature. It is a regular thermistor, nothing complicated. Depending on the implementation of air intake, it is installed either in the cold intake air duct, or simply under the hood if the air intake comes from the engine compartment.
— adapter cable from the mass air flow sensor connector to the connectors of the DBP and DTV sensors
The MAF wiring connector can have either four or five contacts; for operation we need five wires. If you have a wiring with four wires, then there is no conductor to the first contact, in which case you will have to lay one wire to the 44th leg of the ECU. If you have five wires on the connector, then you are lucky and you don’t need to do anything additional with the wiring.
You can either buy a ready-made cable or assemble it yourself, it’s nothing complicated, you just need a diagram, a little time to figure it out and the ability to solder.
When switching to DBP and DTV, the following sensors were installed on my car:
— DTV Bosch 0 280 130 039, it has a standard M12 thread, which makes it easy to install.
— DAD Gazelle marking 45.3829
Sensors, their purposes and malfunctions
Let's now talk in more detail about each of the sensors, let's look at where they are and what they look like.
Idle speed (IAC)
The device is located in the throttle assembly. It is a small induction coil with a needle inside. Depending on the controller readings, one or another voltage is applied to the coil winding and the needle extends a certain distance into the throttle pipe, regulating the air supply. With this, the idle speed is adjusted.
Idle speed control
There is no indicator responsible for this sensor. Therefore, if this node fails, then this can be understood by the following “symptoms”:
- The engine stalls at idle or when changing speed;
- “Floating”, unstable idle speed;
- When turning on a cold engine, there is no increased speed.
To replace the sensor, you must turn off the power to the machine's wiring, completely disconnect the throttle assembly, and then remove the sensor from it, after first disconnecting the terminals that supply electricity to it. In place of the old sensor, you need to install a new device and place the throttle assembly in place.
Detonation (DD)
The knock sensor is located between the cylinders on a car engine and reacts when the fuel detonates inside the cylinder. In essence, it is a piezoelectric element. When gasoline detonates, the sensor converts the resulting vibrations into electricity. Current is supplied to the on-board computer and signals a fuel explosion. After this, the ignition timing is automatically adjusted.
If this type of sensor breaks down, the fuel begins to detonate in the engine. To check the device for functionality, you need to disconnect it using a key from its mounting location, connect it to a voltmeter and knock on it. If voltage was applied to the voltmeter, then the unit is working; if not, it is faulty.
To replace a device, you need to unscrew it from the seat using a key, disconnect the terminals from it and install a new device.
Oxygen (Lambda probe)
The oxygen sensor, also known as a lambda probe, is installed on the exhaust pipe close to the cylinders. It measures the amount of oxygen contained in exhaust gases and the environment. It only works when the engine is on, as it must be heated to function. When oxygen molecules hit the sensor, electricity is generated, which is supplied to the control unit. The on-board computer, based on sensor readings, regulates the supply of oxygen to the engine cylinders.
Connection diagram for the adapter cable in a convenient form.
To connect to the receiver, I used a fitting and a tube that goes to the DBP, a regular tube for supplying water to windshield washers. Ideally, it should not be long.
At this particular point in time, AvtoVAZ has switched to a system without a mass air flow sensor and uses a pressure and air temperature sensor on engines 21127 and later. A very convenient solution that combines both necessary sensors in one housing, i.e. DBP and DTV; you only need to drill two holes in the receiver, one for mounting the sensor and one for measuring pressure and temperature in the receiver. Articles DADA 127 motor 21800-1413010-00, Delphi 28234360 63521 SNG
Let's look at the pros and cons of an injection system based on mass flow sensor and on the basis of DBP and DTV:
Disadvantages of a system with a mass air flow sensor:
- high cost of the sensor itself - reaction time to changes in air flow is much higher than for DBP, simply put, the brake sensor - almost completely unsuitable for engines with excess pressure due to the small upper measurement range - unstable mixture composition if the mass air flow sensor is moved close to the air pressure sensor , catches pulsations at the inlet
Advantages of a system with a mass air flow sensor:
— direct measurement of air flow, as a result it is difficult to ruin the engine, the mixture will most likely go richer than lean.
Advantages of a system with DBP and DTV:
- smoother idle on camshafts with an evil phase, we will consider the evil phase to be 290 and higher - the cost of a system of DBP and DTV sensors is three times cheaper - hello, sharp response to the gas pedal, the engine runs more elastic, very fast air calculation
- there are no large measuring elements in the intake system, and there is no mass air flow sensor mesh which serves to smooth the flow and which cannot be removed, as a result the engine produces a little more power - suitable for supercharged engines
Symptoms of DBP malfunction
If the absolute pressure sensor (also called MAP sensor, Manifold Absolute Pressure) fails completely or partially, the failure appears externally in the following situations:
- High fuel consumption. This is due to the fact that the sensor transmits incorrect data on the air pressure in the intake manifold to the ECU, and accordingly, the control unit issues a command to supply more fuel than necessary.
- Reduced engine power. This manifests itself in poor acceleration and insufficient traction when driving the car uphill and/or when loaded.
- There is a persistent smell of gasoline in the throttle valve area. This is due to the fact that it is constantly overflowing.
- Unstable idle speed. Their value either falls or rises without pressing the accelerator pedal, and while driving, kicks are felt and the car twitches.
- Engine “dips” during transient conditions, in particular, when changing gears, starting the car, or changing the throttle.
- Problems starting the engine. Moreover, both “hot” and “cold”.
- Formation of errors in the memory of the electronic control unit with codes p0105, p0106, p0107, p0108 and p0109.
Most of the troubleshooting symptoms described are general and can be caused by other reasons. Therefore, it is always necessary to perform comprehensive diagnostics, and you need to start, first of all, by scanning errors in the ECU.
Design features, main faults and their symptoms
Often the first sign of a breakdown is the appearance of the Check Engine light. But it is also advisable to perform testing if:
- if the engine stalls at idle;
- gasoline consumption has increased;
- when changing gears the car stalls;
- acceleration dynamics dropped.
Knowledge of the design of the mass air flow sensor will allow you to more accurately determine malfunctions. This is an insufficient signal level or complete failure of the device.
How does an absolute pressure sensor work?
Before checking the absolute air pressure sensor, it is necessary to understand in general terms its structure and operating principle. This will facilitate the verification process itself and the accuracy of the result.
Thus, in the sensor body there is a vacuum chamber with a strain gauge (a resistor that changes its electrical resistance depending on the deformation) and a membrane, which are connected via a bridge connection to the electrical circuit of the car (roughly speaking, to the electronic control unit, ECU). As a result of engine operation, air pressure changes, which is recorded by a membrane and compared with vacuum (hence the name - “absolute” pressure sensor). Information about pressure changes is transmitted to the ECU, on the basis of which the control unit makes a decision on the amount of fuel supplied to form the optimal air-fuel mixture. The full sensor operation cycle looks like this:
- Under the influence of pressure differences, the membrane is deformed.
- The specified deformation of the membrane is recorded by a strain gauge.
- Using a bridge connection, the variable resistance is converted into a variable voltage, which is transmitted to the electronic control unit.
- Based on the information received, the ECU adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the injectors.
Modern absolute pressure sensors are connected to the ECU using three wires - power, ground and signal wire. Accordingly, the essence of the test often comes down to using a multimeter to check the resistance and voltage on the specified wires under various operating conditions of the engine in general and the sensor in particular. Some MAP sensors have four wires. In addition to the above three wires, they add a fourth, through which information about the air temperature in the intake manifold is transmitted.
In most cars, the absolute pressure sensor is located directly on the intake manifold fitting. On older vehicles, it may be located on flexible air lines and attached to the vehicle body. When tuning a turbocharged engine, the DBP is often located on the air ducts.
If the pressure in the intake manifold is low, then the signal voltage produced by the sensor will also be low, and vice versa, as the pressure increases, the output voltage, transmitted as a signal from the DBP to the ECU, also increases. So, with the damper fully open, that is, at low pressure (approximately 20 kPa, differs for different machines), the signal voltage value will be within 1...1.5 Volts. With the damper closed, that is, at high pressure (about 110 kPa and above), the corresponding voltage value will be 4.6...4.8 Volts.
Specialized car radio and features of standards
Before choosing a suitable tuner, you should decide on its standard. Let's compare a digital TV tuner used for a car and a satellite analogue.
| Digital receiver | Satellite |
| Low cost, the car radio is offered at an attractive price. | You can use the receiver anywhere in Russia. |
| Can be used to view all major channels. | Exceptional quality. |
| Ease of setup and versatility. | More channels. |
| Excellent quality, work in several standards at once. | Reliability of operation. |
| Constantly updating the list of broadcast channels. |
It turns out that a car radio with a tuner according to the dvb t2 standard is best suited for use in the city. Digital receiver
It turns out that a car radio with a tuner according to the dvb t2 standard is best suited for use in the city. A car dvb t2 car radio will cost the buyer a small amount, and the set-top box can work with any signal formats.
A set-top box with dvb t2 technology for a car can be used with a signal up to high quality 1080p. In fact, the broadcast occurs in MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. But still, the receiver has a good foundation for the future.
You can purchase a dvb t2 receiver for your car in regular stores. Prices may vary depending on the model and its parameters.
Checking the DBP sensor
Checking the absolute pressure sensor in the manifold comes down to the fact that you first need to make sure that it is clean, and therefore sensitive to changes in air flow, and then find out its resistance and the output voltage when the engine is running.
Cleaning the absolute pressure sensor
Please note that as a result of its operation, the absolute pressure sensor gradually becomes clogged with dirt, which blocks the normal operation of the membrane, which can cause partial failure of the DBP. Therefore, before checking the sensor, it must be removed and cleaned.
To clean, the sensor must be removed from its mounting location. Depending on the make and model of the vehicle, mounting methods and location will vary. Turbocharged engines typically have two MAP sensors, one in the intake manifold and one on the turbo. Typically the sensor is secured using one or two mounting bolts.
Cleaning the sensor must be done carefully, using special carb cleaners or similar cleaning agents. During the cleaning process, you need to clean its body, as well as the contacts. In this case, it is important not to damage the o-ring, contact elements of the housing and the membrane. You just need to spray a small amount of cleaning product inside and pour it back along with the dirt.
Checking with a multimeter
Of the entire list of sensors in a car, the DMRV is the most expensive. Its cost in auto parts stores reaches 3000-4000 rubles. There is also a possibility of purchasing a counterfeit or inappropriate spare part model. Before the replacement procedure, you should make sure that the element gives the correct readings on the multimeter. A step-by-step check of the sensor using a multimeter looks like this:
- To begin, set the multimeter to DC measurement mode (readings up to 20 V);
- Use a red probe to connect to contact number 5, and connect a black probe to the third contact;
- Without starting the engine, turn the ignition key to the last position.
For a convenient interpretation of the readings from the multimeter, we will provide a complete table of voltage showing the wear of the part.
This element is quite sensitive to dirt, oil and other debris. To prevent its early failure, you should change the air filter more often and monitor the wear of the engine piston group. When there is a lot of wear, oil begins to seep into the intake system, which makes it impossible to take accurate readings of the incoming air.
You can change the mass air flow sensor yourself in a matter of minutes, so there is no need to rush and purchase a new part. Often the problem with floating speed and periodic engine shutdown at idle lies in other malfunctions. Make sure the wiring is intact, the readings are correct, and only then proceed to replacing the element. Below we present the air volume indicators that correspond to the normal operation of the 2114 engine.
