Niva 2121 transmission: diagram, description, video

The legendary Niva is an all-wheel drive vehicle. This ensures unprecedented road holding and reliability comparable to expensive high-performance cars. With the exception of updated versions under the Chevrolet brand, the traditional Niva has always had a rather modest design, but this did not prevent it from being the undisputed leader among car owners who prefer high-end car platforms.

What distinguishes the Niva's chassis from other all-wheel drive vehicles is the transmission of torque to two axles at once without disabling the axles, which significantly affects cross-country ability while simultaneously reducing the influence of critical loads on the transmission. This same quality makes this legendary Russian SUV very uneconomical in terms of fuel consumption.

Diagram and description of the Niva 2121 transmission

The legendary Niva is an all-wheel drive vehicle. This ensures unprecedented road holding and reliability comparable to expensive high-performance cars. With the exception of updated versions under the Chevrolet brand, the traditional Niva has always had a rather modest design, but this did not prevent it from being the undisputed leader among car owners who prefer high-end car platforms.

Gearbox and clutch Niva Chevrolet

The Niva has virtually the same VAZ gearbox, but with minor changes designed to increase the durability of the unit. Firstly, this is the replacement of the VAZ rear bearings of the primary shafts and intermediate bearings on the secondary shafts with similar, but sealed types. This eliminates bearing malfunctions associated with contamination and premature wear. Secondly, the gear shift control drive has been changed. It is easy to notice that in a Chevrolet the gearbox control lever is closer to the driver, which makes control more convenient. This was achieved through the use of an extension with a 250 mm horizontal rod. Gear ratios remain the same, as does the gear shift pattern.

The clutch device in the Chevrolet Niva transmission has undergone some changes and received a number of improvements and more progressive parts from front-wheel drive VAZ cars.

Tips for owners

To make driving your car comfortable, read some important points:

The usual, standard arrangement of the front and rear handles is forward and backward, respectively. Movement in this mode can and should be carried out in areas characterized by even and smooth surfaces.
Locking the differential by switching the front handle to the rear position is best on roads characterized by increased slipperiness. This measure will give Niva stability. It is worth understanding that after overcoming the problem area, the handle will need to be returned to its original position.
As noted earlier, downshift should be activated before a potential obstacle, but not while the car is already stuck.
It is worth understanding that activating the lock when the vehicle is stationary is sometimes impossible, even if the clutch is depressed. This may be caused by the clutch teeth hitting the gear teeth. In this case, you can try to activate the lock by starting to drive slowly and make a slight turn. If problems arise with disabling the lock, it is recommended to perform the same procedure with the clutch depressed and the steering wheel slightly rocked.

A series of downshifts

You can often encounter the following type of misconception: switching the rear handle can increase the power characteristics of the motor. But this is not true. It serves to change the gear ratio between the engine and the wheels. By increasing it, the traction forces on the wheels will increase. There is also a reduction gear in the dispensing mechanism.

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Its operation can be controlled using the rear handle. When we shift the lever back, we will have a gear ratio of 2.135 - this is a low gear. It is recommended to downshift such a gear only when the car is stationary and the clutch is depressed. Despite the fact that the manual does not contain such a restriction, novice and inexperienced Niva drivers are not recommended to switch while driving, since the Niva transfer mechanism is not equipped with a synchronizer.

Design and principle of operation of the Niva 2121 transfer case

The transfer case mechanism includes more than 60 independent parts, which is confirmed by the presented drawing. Therefore, it is quite prudent to name the main elements and their purpose.

Frame
Differential housing
Shafts
Couplings
Oil seals
Satellites
Gears
Flanges
Levers

Also interesting: How does the transfer case work on a Chevrolet Niva?

A pair of gears are tightly seated on the drive shaft, one of them (large) is intended for high gear, the second (small) is responsible for low gear. They have serrations with straight and oblique profiles. The first ones are in contact with the coupling, the second ones - with the intermediate shaft. The inclusion of one or another row causes the coupling to move along the hub in the horizontal direction, after which it is connected to the gear on the transfer case drive shaft.

The intermediate position turns off the gearbox (the gearbox is open), and the vehicle cannot be moved in this mode. The front helical gear on the intermediate shaft is used to control the differential. The locking is engaged, or the rigid coupling of the drive shafts of both axles, is carried out through a clutch. The design is typical for modifications 21213 and 21214, and the latter is additionally equipped with a speed sensor drive.

In the operating state (with the transfer case reduction gear connected), the gear ratio in the first stage changes from 4.4 to 7.83, the second - from 2.52 to 4.58, the third - from 1.63 to 2.9, in the fourth - from 1.2 to 2.14, fifth - from 0.98 to 1.75, which is expressed in an increase in traction on the wheels.

Housing Differential housing Shafts Couplings Seals Pinions Gears Flanges Levers

How to turn on all-wheel drive

Since the drive on the Niva is constantly all-wheel drive, the question of how to turn on the all-wheel drive on the Niva Chevrolet means how to turn on the center differential lock.

You need to use blocking in the following cases:

when driving in difficult terrain where there is a danger of wheel slipping;
when there is a lack of engine thrust;
when driving on a road covered with snow or ice.

The main component of the axle locking mechanism is the transfer case. The transfer case is controlled by one six-position lever. The longitudinal stroke provides higher and lower gear rows. Transverse - responsible for locking the center differential. When the lever is in lock mode, a yellow icon lights up on the instrument panel.

The main purpose of the Niva 2121 transfer case

The transfer case (another name is the range multiplier) is connected directly to the gearbox, participates in the distribution of rotation on the axis of the all-terrain vehicle and helps to increase the torque when transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle.

Niva 2121 transfer case cross-sectional diagram

It is necessary to list the main reasons why the RK failed on a Chevrolet. The most common is frequent driving of a given vehicle at high speeds, which negatively affects the working life of the component parts of the box. In particular, the seals may wear out and the fastenings may become loose.

The transfer case is noisy. To solve this problem, you can buy special silent levers for the RK. Thanks to this, the necessary noise insulation is achieved and vibrations will not be noted.

Modified versions

The Niva's standard transmission, for all its advantages, often causes uncomfortable noise in the cabin.
This is generally related to the design, but using engineering developments, you can modernize it and make the car much quieter. This approach has already been applied in the VAZ-21213 model; as a result, even at a speed of 100 km/h you don’t feel any unpleasant noise, you can talk calmly and hear your interlocutor without effort. For these purposes, a number of modernization methods have been used: from unloading the floor near the transfer case and manual transmission mounts, reducing the load on shaft bearings to smoothing out peak torques under conditions of increasing loads on the transmission. The effect is achieved by changing the mounting location of the front axle gearbox, which in the modernized version is suspended at a distance from the engine on rubber supports. This approach makes it possible to reduce to a minimum the reactive torque in the longitudinal-vertical direction and the noise level at speed.

The noise in the modernized Niva transmission is comparable to that of a Zhiguli. It becomes more comfortable to be in the car when driving off-road. Upgrade costs are negligible; modification requires only the master's understanding of the design itself and a little time.

Transfer case control

The Niva 2121 transfer case has manual control with a lever-type mechanical drive. The shift lever swings in the longitudinal direction and is performed on an axis that is installed in the bracket eyes in front of the transfer case. Friction is reduced by pressed plastic bushings into the holes of the lever.

The lower part of the lever is inserted into a groove on the rod, and fixation occurs using a figured spring. The other end of the rod, in turn, is connected to a fork, which moves the shift clutch. The rigidity of this connection is ensured by the bolt. The rod at the outlet of the transfer case is sealed with an oil seal, and dirt and dust are protected with a rubber corrugation. The entire switching drive is fixed in the set position by a spring-loaded ball that fits into special grooves in the rod.

Possible problems

During the operation of off-road vehicles, parts and components of the transfer case gradually become unusable due to wear. Most often, the following interruptions in the operation of the mechanism occur:

The front axle does not engage.
The transfer case is overheating.
Leaks and increased oil consumption of the transfer case.
Unauthorized disabling of the front axle.

Harsh operation and insufficient attention to how to use the transfer case on the Niva 2121 lead to the appearance of:

Vibrations in the body while moving Vibrations when starting Hum Noise when maneuvering Tight switching on modes

Also interesting: Niva transfer case: repair, installation

Experience shows that the culprits are: insufficient oil level, incorrect centering of the steering wheel, loosening of the support fastenings and damage to the rubber bands. An additional influence is exerted by the condition of the cardan and the engine itself.

Vibrations in the body while driving
Vibrations at start
Gula
Noise when maneuvering
Tight switching modes

VAZ 2131 gearbox repair

Is your Niva's transmission starting to fail? The situation is not pleasant: it becomes uncomfortable to drive, and safety on the road remains in great doubt. We will talk about the reasons for the failure of transmission elements another time. Now let’s try to figure out what to do in fact: change the box or repair it.

Repair of VAZ Niva and Niva Chevrolet gearboxes - 2000 rubles.
Remove the box and put it on - 2000 rubles.
Exchange of manual transmission Niva and Niva Chevrolet - 4,000 rubles. (if the body is intact)
Repair with our spare parts and installation - 6,000 rubles. (if the body is intact)
Buy a gearbox - 6,000 rubles.

Replacing Niva Chevrolet boxes is a service that is quite in demand. There are objective reasons for this. And not necessarily caused by breakdowns of the transmission unit. For example, a gearbox is often replaced from a 4-speed to a 5-speed, and the Niva gains a significant advantage in functionality.

If we are talking about a faulty box, there are two traditional options. The first is repair (professional, high-quality, performed in a workshop). The second is replacing the transmission unit. Prices for Niva Chevrolet gearboxes vary widely. This is due to the range of offers and the type of units sold. What is more profitable: repair or replacement?

Also interesting: Blue silicone stove pipes for Lada Niva 21214 injector | Motorring online store

The cost of repairing a Niva gearbox directly depends on the specifics, quantity, location of faults, and the volume of work to be done. The same applies to the timing of order fulfillment in the workshop.

If we talk about profitability, then everything is simple: the fewer breakdowns the gearbox has, the cheaper the auto mechanic will cost. Accordingly, repairs will not hit your pocket. For example, replacing VAZ 2123 gearbox seals, the price of the service is affordable, carried out promptly, with a quality guarantee. Such a simple repair allows you to quickly return the SUV to service. Checking the level, changing the oil, tightening fasteners and other simple types of repairs are inexpensive.

If the gearbox is severely damaged (and this often occurs after accidents), has been worn out for a long time, has been operated in extreme mode, or in conditions of violation of the rules for working with the clutch, it is impossible to do without overhauling the transmission unit. Such repairs require time and serious financial costs. In this case, it will be faster and easier to replace the gearbox.

If you need a box for a VAZ 2131, the price of which is affordable, contact our workshop. Specialists will select the best option from a used assortment. You can save money and time.

It is not so rare that there are cases when replacing the gearbox is the only way to restore the functionality of the vehicle. First of all, we should note the cars that have been in an accident. If the box is severely damaged, it is hardly advisable to repair it. Replacing it allows you to get a reliable unit with standard technical characteristics and a safety margin.

If you need a gearbox for model 21213, you can buy a transmission unit in Moscow quickly and inexpensively. Our workshop offers a wide range of gearboxes. All components have been sorted out and restored by our specialists. Using our own resources (both human and technical) allows us to guarantee the quality of each unit.

It's up to you to repair a broken box damaged in an accident or replace it. In both cases, we can only recommend one thing: contact professional specialists. This will significantly save your time and money.

Failure of any vehicle component is a serious problem. Firstly, the vehicle becomes unsuitable for normal use. Secondly, the car owner should prepare for the costs. The latter may be different.

Are you looking for the best offer for the request “Chevy Niva gearbox, repair, price in Moscow”? We are waiting for you in our workshop. Car service specialists will select the optimal solution, taking into account the specifics of a particular situation and the budget allocated for repairs.

Every potential customer of repair services is concerned with the question: how much does a transmission cost on a Chevrolet Niva? Will the cost of restoration be at the same level as that of replacing the transmission unit or lower? We hasten to answer it: it all depends on the complexity of the damage to the unit. Sometimes it is more effective to replace the gearbox and not bother with the bulkhead. A used VAZ 21214 gearbox will be inexpensive; the price of the unit in this case is determined by its safety margin.

When replacing, the cost of the service consists of:

diagnostics of the box in order to determine its actual condition and maintainability;
selection of a unit for exchange;
dismantling and installation works.

A high-quality used transmission on a Niva Chevrolet, the price of which in our service is affordable, can last for many years. We offer car owners our own bulkhead units with a guaranteed safety margin.

Pricing for the repair of transmission units also involves taking into account many factors, criteria and indicators. First of all, this is the current state of the unit. In other words, the more elements of the box that need to be replaced, the more expensive the repair will be.

The type and quantity of spare parts used also plays a role. In order to save money, used elements are often installed. As a rule, private craftsmen are guilty of this. Moreover, the status of the elements is not taken into account when determining the price of the service.

Professional repair of a VAZ 21213 (5-speed) gearbox involves the use of new original parts and high-quality lubricants recommended by the manufacturer of the transmission unit. This is one of the reasons to contact a specialized service, and not a private garage.

The cost of repair services includes unit diagnostics, dismantling, reassembly, installation, testing in operating modes. At the end of the day, the car owner receives a serviceable vehicle that provides comfort and driving safety. High-quality gearbox repairs also ensure that the Niva remains fully functional as an SUV.

When replacing or repairing a gearbox, you can save money. There are several ways. It is rational to cooperate with a specialized workshop. The services of specialists here may cost a little more than in a private garage. But the costs are more than compensated by the stable operation of the restored or replaced transmission unit. Contacting a car service can be considered not so much savings as cost optimization.

If the price of services is a priority for you, you can consider offers from private repairmen or try to troubleshoot the gearbox yourself. But be prepared for possible negative consequences. And take into account the fact that after a makeshift repair, a professional may be required. Instead of saving, the result is a doubling of costs.

To carry out a full diagnosis, the speed box must be removed. As a rule, there is a need for this if vibrations, extraneous noise, or oil leakage increase during movement.

How to remove the box? Before you begin removing the gearbox, you must remove the transfer case. Without an inspection hole, it will be difficult to carry out repair work, for example, unscrewing the cardan shafts from the transfer case. The stabilizer can also be removed. The housing of the air filter element must be removed.

In order to remove the gearbox, you should disconnect the lever rod, the clutch housing cover fastenings, the driveshaft, bolts, nuts, and remove the bracket. The suspension of the power unit is adjacent to the body. To remove it you need to unscrew the fastening nuts.

To extend the service life of the VAZ 21213 gearbox, it is advisable to periodically check the level of transmission fluid and change it in a timely manner.

Mineral oil can be added to the machine. However, semi-synthetic and synthetic options have better performance. The advantage of the latest types of oils is that even in winter the gears will be easily engaged.

Timely maintenance of the Niva gearbox allows you to avoid a complete overhaul of the gearbox. Assembling all the dismantled parts is a painstaking task, so it should be trusted to professionals. Replacing the gearbox input shaft bearing is a common procedure that is ordered at a service center.

Also interesting: Niva VAZ transfer case - do-it-yourself repair and replacement

Useful tips

To use the lock installed on the Niva effectively, use the following recommendations from experts:

When driving on good quality road surfaces, install the front transfer handle at the front and the rear at the rear.
The front handle is moved back if the road becomes slippery. Once the slippery area has been passed, switch the levers to normal mode.
If the Niva is stopped, the lock may not engage when the clutch is depressed. This occurs due to the alignment of the teeth with the gear teeth. What should you do in this case? Moving as if on a turn, engage the lock. The differential will turn and the gear teeth will come closer to the teeth. If turning off is difficult, do it while the vehicle is moving, maintaining a minimum speed and squeezing the clutch.

Forced unlock

Sometimes it happens that the lock gets stuck - it cannot be turned off even when the car is completely stopped. The situation is quite common for the Chevrolet Niva. How to solve it? There is a sure way. To do this, engage reverse gear, accelerate a little and turn off the differential lock while driving.

What to do in such a situation? It is necessary to turn on the first speed and try to turn off the unit again. Moving back and forth will solve the problem of a stuck differential. In general, it is recommended to turn on the center lock only in serious off-road conditions. At the intersection of dirt roads and sand dunes, a downshift is sufficient.

Disabling the front axle in the field

Is it necessary to modify the VAZ 4×4 Niva transfer case?

Cheviniva in 4x2 mode (disable all-wheel drive), leaving only.

If the lock does not turn on using the specified method, do not use excessive force. How to disable the immobilizer on a VAZ. Just repeat the entire sequence of actions from the beginning.

Switching to a lower gear is also allowed without stopping the Niva completely, but this can only be done by experienced drivers. The fact is that the transfer case, unlike the gearbox, does not have synchronizers installed. Changing from a lower gear to a higher gear while the car is moving is undesirable, although it is allowed in extreme cases.

It is not recommended to keep the center differential of the wheels in locked mode at all times, especially when driving on asphalt roads, as this will not only lead to increased fuel consumption by the vehicle and poor handling, but also to the breakdown of expensive transmission components.

It is preferable to enable forced blocking in various modifications of the Niva in the following situations:

The blocking must be turned on in advance if you have to overcome a difficult route.
On sharp climbs uphill or when driving downhill.
While crossing terrain with a top layer of sand.
When you have to drive on snow drifts or an icy road.

And also interesting: Flush hole between the gearbox and transfer case in NIVA-VAZ-2121-21213-21214-2131

Wheel locking is not necessary when driving quietly on a flat road within the city. Grip on asphalt surfaces will be decent, and traction will be distributed evenly by default.

Features of the Nivov design

The features of the Nivov transmission include the presence of a center differential that connects the rear and front axles.
As a result, the wheels can rotate not only at different angles, but also at different angular speeds, which significantly affects controllability in impassable roads. The center differential is located in the transfer case and is similar in design to the cross-axle differential.

The key difference between the Niva’s center differential is the ability to lock when driveshafts rotate with the same characteristics. The center differential is manually locked only in difficult terrain conditions, when you need to overcome a large hole, rut or snow drift without slipping.

In practice, mechanical locking, although somewhat inconvenient, turns out to be better than the modern electromagnetic clutch used for these purposes. For example, the Renault Duster is not so easy to cope with the task in harsh off-road conditions, since the digital control unit can provide limited torque transmission. However, this effect will not be observed in a Niva with a mechanical lock.

Leaving the center differential locked will not only cause increased wear, but will also significantly reduce the vehicle's handling. The activated differential lock mode will be indicated by a lit indicator on the Niva dashboard. Please note that locking will not prevent one wheel from losing traction.

To overcome difficult areas, the transmission allows the use of a low gear with a high gear ratio (2.135); in the highest gear, the parameter is 1.2 and is intended for driving in normal conditions. The transfer case indicates different high and low gear modes. The lower one is turned on before entering a snowy area, unsteady soils, hills, and when a towed load is connected. The low gear compensates for the lack of power of the Niva’s “strong” engine and allows you to overcome difficult areas that only powerful cars can do.

Some drivers master the skill of shifting gears at speeds of 30-35 km/h. Otherwise, you will have to stop the car and perform the operation in the parking lot.

Please note that Niva requires a competent approach to the selection of tires, the quality of which can affect the degree of wear of the transmission in just one season. The tires must be the same in terms of wear and, of course, in size. Different characteristics will lead to increased load on the transmission and slipping in low gear, and during normal driving will increase wear on the differentials.

We help with all our wheels

How to enable all-wheel drive on a Chevrolet Niva? There is an option to block the center differential of the Chevy Niva both when the car is stationary and when it is not moving.

This is done with the clutch pedal depressed using the transfer case control lever, which is located behind the huge gear selector. When the lever is in the neutral position, you need to pull it towards the driver. If you later press in the opposite direction, a lower gear will engage with the center differential locked at a ratio other than 3.5.1. If you pull towards yourself, a lower gear is put into effect (gear ratio 1.5).

When the lever is in this position, the corresponding yellowish pictogram lights up on the dashboard. Disabling the front axle on a Chevrolet Niva. four-wheel drive. How to disable. If you cannot follow these instructions, try repeating the procedure while driving the vehicle.

The correct sequence for activating the lock while driving is given in the instruction manual for this vehicle. Niva permanent all-wheel drive - How it works and. It says here that such blocking should be done in advance, at the time the car is moving along a section of the road with a hard surface. How does all-wheel drive work on a Chevrolet Niva and Niva….

Transmission

1, 3 – Front wheel drive;
2 – front axle; 4 – clutch; 5 – gearbox; 6 – front driveshaft; 7 – intermediate shaft; 8 – transfer case; 9 – transfer case gear shift lever; 10 – differential lock lever; 11 – rear propeller shaft; 12 – rear axle; I – differential unlocked; II – differential locked; III – low gear engaged; IV – neutral position; V – high gear engaged

Transmission Specifications

The Niva car is all-wheel drive, i.e. All wheels are driven. All-wheel drive is permanent: torque from the engine is always transmitted to both axles at once (the axles are not disabled). This scheme increases the vehicle’s cross-country ability, while simultaneously reducing the load on the transmission units, but slightly increases fuel consumption.

The front and rear axles are connected through a center differential, allowing the front and rear wheels to rotate at different angular speeds depending on the trajectory and driving conditions. The center differential is located in the transfer case and is similar to the cross-axle differentials located in the front and rear axles. However, unlike them, the center differential can be forcibly locked (the locking lever is located on the floor tunnel). In this case, the front and rear driveshafts become rigidly connected to each other and rotate at the same frequency. This significantly increases the vehicle's maneuverability (on slippery slopes, in mud, snow, etc.), but worsens handling and increases wear on transmission parts and tires on surfaces with good grip. Therefore, the differential lock can only be used to overcome difficult areas and at low speeds. A warning lamp on the instrument panel serves to warn the driver that the locking mode is on.

You can engage the differential lock while the car is moving, if the wheels do not slip. Locking the center differential does not relieve the car from the danger of “diagonal hanging”, when one of the wheels on each axle loses traction with the ground - in this case, pour soil under the suspended wheels or dig it under the others.

To increase the torque supplied to the wheels, a low gear in the transfer case is used, its gear ratio is 2.135. The highest gear, intended for normal driving conditions, has a gear ratio of 1.20. Thus, the driver can use one of two rows of gear ratios - with a high or low gear in the transfer case. The total gear ratios of the “top” row (from 1st to 5th gear) are 4.40; 2.52; 1.63; 1.20; 0.98, “lower” – 7.82; 4.47; 2.90; 2.13; 1.75. The low gear in the transfer case is switched on before overcoming snowy, sandy areas, steep climbs, when towing loads, etc., when there is a lack of engine traction or for driving at very low speeds. It is necessary to engage a low gear in the transfer case in advance, with the car stationary, since the gear shift clutch does not have synchronizers. With some skill, it is possible to engage the highest gear even when driving at a speed no higher than 30–35 km/h, however, if possible, it is better to reduce the speed or stop.

A vehicle with permanent all-wheel drive places special demands on tires. They should be the same not only in size, but also in the degree of wear. Different tire rolling radii will cause increased wear on the differentials under normal driving conditions, and when the lock is engaged, increased wear on other transmission parts and wheel slip.

Video

Rules for using differential

These include:

Switching the transfer case should only be done when the car is not moving.
You can also engage the differential while the vehicle is moving.
You can switch to a lower gear while the car is moving.
To ensure long-term and uninterrupted operation of the differential, it is necessary to periodically turn it on, especially in winter. This should be done once every 7 days.

To ensure that the locking mechanism lasts for a long time, use the following rules:

It is necessary to switch the transfer case when the Niva does not move.
The differential can also be engaged while the vehicle is moving.
To ensure efficient and long-term operation of the device, it is advisable for the Niva driver to turn on the lock from time to time. Once a week in winter is enough.

Where is the lever responsible for switching located? Pay attention to the area between the wings located in front, there are 2 levers there. One makes it possible to change gears at the gearbox, the other successfully controls the transfer case.

The basis of the transfer case is a gearbox, which includes 2 stages. The control lever comes directly from it, you can move it forward and backward - this is how the gear is changed on the Niva. The direction of movement of the lever to the left and right allows you to activate the differential lock and vice versa to disable it.

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Why does the gearbox break down and what to do about it?

Niva is on the list of the most reliable vehicles in the domestic automobile industry. But the car is still not anti-vandal. Breakdowns, given the purpose of the vehicle and the specifics of its operation, do occur and are not so rare. When it comes to transmissions, buying a gearbox for Niva 21214 in Moscow today will not be difficult.

If your Chevrolet Niva has malfunctioned, replacing the gearbox or repairing it is a rational solution. But at the same time, it is important to understand the reason for the failure of the transmission unit in order to subsequently prevent this problem.