Cooling system of the 8-valve Lada Kalina engine: device, elements, operation

Design features of the LADA Kalina engine cooling system

The LADA Kalina engine cooling system is liquid, closed type, with forced circulation.
Consists of an engine cooling jacket, a radiator with an electric fan, a thermostat, a pump, an expansion tank and connecting hoses. Design of the LADA Kalina cooling system

Cooling system : 1 — expansion tank; 2 — radiator outlet hose; 3 - inlet hose; 4 - radiator; 5 — steam exhaust hose; b — radiator supply hose; 7 — electric fan; 8 — electric fan casing; 9 — coolant temperature sensor; 10 — coolant temperature indicator sensor; 11 — throttle assembly; 12 — bracket for the coolant pump pipe; 13 — coolant pump; 14 — coolant pump pipe; 15 — heater radiator supply hose; 16 — heater radiator outlet hose; 17 — exhaust pipe; 18 — coolant pump pipe hose; 19 — thermostat housing

The cooling system consists of two so-called circulation circles:

1. The movement of liquid through the cooling jacket and radiator forms a large circulation circle.
2. The movement of liquid through the engine cooling jacket, bypassing the radiator, is a small circle of circulation.

The cooling system also includes a heater radiator and a throttle body heating unit. Liquid circulates through them constantly and does not depend on the position of the thermostat valves.

The heater radiator is built into the engine cooling system and is designed to heat the passenger compartment by circulating hot coolant through it.

The fan maintains the thermal operating mode of the engine and is switched on via a relay based on a signal from the controller.

Improved cooling of VAZ-1118 “Kalina”

To reduce the likelihood of airing of the SOD due to jamming of the compensation valve of the expansion tank cap, readers suggested removing the valve from it as a temporary measure. We cannot recommend this method, because the risk of boiling and overheating of the engine increases. But if you decide to go this route, in order to prevent the antifreeze from boiling away at atmospheric pressure, we lower the fan start temperature to 98 degrees programmatically, or we cut an adapter into the radiator inlet pipe for sensor .

A more correct upgrade option has been tested several times and has shown its performance on cars with a cable-operated throttle. We put a plug in the pipe connecting the large cooling circle to the expansion tank;

1. We connect the freed fitting to the lower heater hose through the tee from 2110;
2. We plug the thin outlet hose (distant, if you look from the front of the car) of the throttle heating.
3. We connect the free fitting through a tube of the appropriate diameter to the expansion tank. To do this, we cut an additional nipple into the upper plane, or connect through a tee to a thin input. Thus, we transfer the steam outlet to a small circle, while taking the liquid with air bubbles at the top point of the system.

Thus, we transfer the steam outlet to a small circle, while taking the liquid with air bubbles at the top point of the system. On a car with an electronic pedal (e-gas), we do the same.

1. We connect the thin fitting of the thermostat to the upper part of the expansion tank (via a tee or an additional fitting). We turn off the standard thin tube from the thermostat.
2. Disconnect and turn off the lower extension hose. tank, in the vacant space we connect a homemade line from a tee embedded in the “return” of the heater.

LADA Kalina engine cooling system diagram

Cooling system : 1 — coolant drain hose from the heater radiator; 2 — hose for supplying coolant to the heater radiator; 3 — coolant pump supply pipe hose; 4 — expansion tank hose; 5 - expansion tank; 6 — steam exhaust hose of the engine radiator; 7 — thermostat; 8 — hose for supplying fluid to the throttle assembly; 9 — hose for supplying fluid to the engine radiator; 10 hose for draining fluid from the engine radiator; 11 — engine radiator; 12 radiator drain plug; 13 electric radiator fan; 14 coolant pump; 15 supply pipe of the coolant pump; 16 coolant drain hose from the throttle body

Principle of operation

The operating algorithm of this system consists in the close interaction of various sensors, parts and elements, including devices that measure oil temperature, outside temperature and many other factors. Taking into account all these points, on the VAZ Kalina the cooling system automatically sets the optimal switching conditions and operating time of all structural elements, thereby ensuring effective engine cooling.

It should also be noted that depending on the temperature, the liquid can pass through a small or large circle. In the first case, the antifreeze passes through all the channels of the system, bypassing the radiator. The thermostat is in the closed position during such circulation. When the engine temperature increases, this part gradually opens, and the antifreeze begins to “run” in a large circle, getting into the radiator. The latter is cooled by a counter flow of air, and if the SOD is not enough, it will send a signal to the fan, which will force cold air onto the cells.

After cooling, the coolant flows back to the small circle. Then, depending on the engine temperature, the system automatically circulates antifreeze either in a large or small circle, maintaining the optimal operating temperature of the internal combustion engine (95-105 degrees Celsius).

Conclusion

The Lada Kalina 8 valve cooling system has a fairly simple design and a standard set of components. Thus, a malfunction of one or more elements can lead to negative consequences that will significantly hit the car owner’s pocket.

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Basic data for monitoring, adjustment and maintenance

Temperature at which the main thermostat valve begins to open, °C

Full opening temperature of the main thermostat valve, 'C

Opening pressure of the outlet valve of the expansion tank plug, kPa (bar)

Opening pressure of the inlet valve of the expansion tank plug, kPa (bar)

Coolant temperature in a warm engine at an ambient temperature of 20-30 °C and a fully loaded vehicle moving at a constant speed of 80 km/h, no more, °C

Resistance of the additional resistor. Ohm

Volume of liquid in the engine cooling system, l

OZhK-KHT; OZh-40-ХТ; OZh-65-ХТ; OJ-CTosol; Coolant-40Tosol; Coolant-65Tosol; OZh-40; OZh-65; OJK-KSK; OZh-40SK; OZh-65SK;

Lada-A40; OZh-Ktosol-TS; OZH-40TOSOL-TS; OZh-65 Tosol-TS; Antifreeze G-48; AGIP Antifreeze Extra; GlysantmG03; GlysantinG913

Tightening torques for threaded connections

Name of units and parts

Tightening torque, nm (KGS-M)

Coolant temperature gauge sensor Coolant pump mounting bolts Thermostat pipe mounting nuts

Bolts securing the cooling system pipe flange to the cylinder block

24-27 (2,5-2,8) 7,6-8,0 (0,8-0,8) 16,0-22,6 (1,6-2,3) 4,2-5,2 (0,4-0,5)

Cooling system: 1 — coolant drain hose from the heater radiator; 2 — hose for supplying coolant to the heater radiator; 3 — coolant pump supply pipe hose; 4 — expansion tank hose; 5 - expansion tank; 6 — steam exhaust hose of the engine radiator; 7 — thermostat; 8 — hose for supplying fluid to the throttle assembly; 9 — hose for supplying fluid to the engine radiator; 10 — hose for draining fluid from the engine radiator; 11 — engine radiator; 12 — radiator drain plug; 13 — electric radiator fan; 14 — coolant pump; 15 — supply pipe of the coolant pump; 16 — coolant drain hose from the throttle body

The engine cooling system is liquid, closed type with forced circulation of coolant and an expansion tank.

The engine cooling system uses special fluids based on a mixture of water and ethylene glycol. They have a low freezing point and a high boiling point. In addition, thanks to the complex of added additives, the coolant prevents corrosion of the channel walls, does not foam, and extends the service life of the coolant pump seal.

Is the fluid circulation in the system ensured by a centrifugal pump? installed in the cylinder block. The pump is driven by a timing belt.

The cooling system consists of two so-called circulation circles. The small circle does not include the engine radiator, and the fluid washes only the cylinder block and cylinder head, and also flows through the throttle body channel and the heater core. The heater radiator is built into the engine cooling system and is designed to heat the passenger compartment by circulating hot coolant through it. When moving in a large circle, the coolant passes through the engine radiator, where it is cooled by the incoming air flow. The thermostat controls the direction of fluid flow in the engine cooling system. It contains two valves - the main one and the bypass (additional). The main valve controls the circulation of liquid in a large circle, and the bypass valve controls the circulation in a small circle. The valves are interconnected: when one opens, the second closes, and vice versa.

When the engine is cold, the thermostat bypass (additional) valve is open, and the fluid circulates only in a small circle. At a temperature of about 87 °C, the main thermostat valve begins to open and the bypass valve begins to close, and for some time the liquid circulates in the small and large circles simultaneously. At a temperature of 102 °C, the main thermostat valve is fully open and the bypass valve is closed, and all fluid flow passes through the engine radiator. If the air flow is not intense enough, the radiator is cooled by an electric fan. It is installed behind the engine radiator and is activated by a signal from the electronic engine control unit. An additional resistor is built into the power supply circuit of the fan motor.

Features of the design, maintenance and repair of the 1.6i engine are described in the chapter “Features of design and repair of modifications of the LADA KALINA* car.

The connecting rod and its cover are first manufactured as a single (one-piece) part. After making holes in the upper and lower heads of the connecting rod, the lower head is “split” using a special method. This technology allows for a perfect connection between the cap and the connecting rod.

To compensate for the thermal expansion of the liquid, an expansion tank is installed in the cooling system. The tank plug contains inlet and outlet safety valves, which allows you to maintain optimal pressure in the system when the liquid is heated, and also compensate for the vacuum when it cools.

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Basic radiator malfunctions

Malfunctions of this Kalina unit do not occur so often and are the result of wear and tear due to natural causes of the car owner’s negligence. There are two most common types of problems:

• coolant leak;
• coking of cavities inside the radiator.

Leaks are dangerous because a decrease in coolant level leads to an increase in engine temperature. This leads to overheating and jamming of the motor. A leak of hot antifreeze can be dangerous. The fluid in the system is under pressure, a leak can form a fountain, and contact of hot antifreeze on exposed skin will cause burns.

Coking disrupts the antifreeze circulation process. As a result, the lower part of the radiator begins to cool, and then the entire heat exchanger. The liquid will not cool, causing the engine to overheat. In most cases, the cause of coking is ordinary scale. This happens when tap water is poured into the SOD. Less commonly, blockages occur due to mixing oil and antifreeze. In this case, the reason is the loss of tightness of the cylinder head gasket.

At an early stage, coking is difficult to detect. In advanced cases, mixing oil and antifreeze forms a consistency similar to jelly, which makes the heat exchanger tubes difficult to pass or completely impassable.

If your car begins to overheat frequently, there may be several reasons for this:

• Thermostat. It is very simple to check its performance: on a warm engine, touch the lower and upper radiator hoses with your hand. If the latter turns out to be cold, and the lower one is barely warm, then, most likely, the thermostat is jammed, and the antifreeze circulates only in a small circle. In this case, the solution to the problem will be to install a new device in the car.
• Clogged radiator honeycombs. This is also one of the common causes of malfunctions in the cooling system. It occurs especially often in late May - early June, when annoying poplar fluff flies along the street. The solution to the problem is to clean the outer part of the radiator. This work often causes difficulties for car enthusiasts, but no other methods have yet been invented to solve clogged honeycombs. Therefore, everything is cleaned by hand.
• Faulty fan. If you notice that when the coolant heating level increases, this part does not turn on, you should check the temperature sensor, wiring and relay.
• Air in the cooling system. "Kalina", like any other car, is not immune to an airlock inside the SOD. And if in all previous cases the problem was solved very quickly, or at least clearly, then here car enthusiasts often have problems. Therefore, in order to fully explain the picture, below we will look at how such breakdowns are eliminated.

As you can see, malfunctions of the Kalina cooling system can be quite different. But in any case, overheating is not the best factor for the engine.

“Lada Kalina” and an airlock: how to remove airlock?

The first step is to open the expansion tank cap. Next, start the engine and, periodically pressing the gas pedal, warm up the engine until the temperature gauge rises to the red scale. After turning on the fan, give it a little more gas and turn off the ignition. If the airlock cannot be eliminated in this way, you will have to move on to more radical measures.

How is this done? First, the plastic engine screen is removed (it can be removed with a simple upward movement). Next, use a screwdriver to loosen the clamp, and remove one of the two tubes from the throttle assembly heating fitting. Then the cap of the expansion tank is unscrewed. Cover the neck of the container with a clean rag. Next, you need to blow into the expansion tank until coolant flows out of the removed tube. If you are unable to break through the container, close the lid and put back the throttle assembly tube. Next, you need to warm up the engine again and turn off the ignition. After this, without removing the cap from the tank, remove the heating tube again and wait until antifreeze flows out of it under pressure.

Let's sum it up

If the owner of a Lada Kalina with an 8 or 16 valve engine does not have the confidence to independently correct the defects that have arisen in the cooling system, then the only effective action will be to contact a disinterested professional; a cooling scheme can also help. He will quickly diagnose the system, identify the cause and promptly eliminate it. Independent experiments are undesirable, since ignorance coupled with the desire to eliminate the malfunction can only add damage to the long-suffering cooling system.

Many car enthusiasts know that the car is equipped with a cooling system that prevents the engine from overheating. So, Lada Kalina has a standard, closed cooling system, which is no different from other devices of the same nature.

The stove blows cold at low speeds: causes and solutions.

We always say that everything in a car is interconnected, therefore, if one of its elements breaks down, the source of the problem must be looked for in everything that is directly or indirectly connected with this element. The cooling system is no exception. It can produce cold air at idle under the following circumstances:

there is too little coolant in the expansion tank;

This is perhaps the most common option. Agree, even though we know that the amount of antifreeze in the system needs to be checked before each trip, we don’t always do this. As a result, the coolant level may become critically low, that is, insufficient to cope with its functions at low speeds.

What to do: check the coolant level in the expansion tank and, if necessary, top up to the required level.

air pockets have formed somewhere;

In cases where work has recently taken place that requires replacing or partially draining the antifreeze, the reason that the heater is blowing cool may be air pockets formed inside the tubes, which simply do not allow the coolant to circulate normally.

What to do: put the front of the car on a hill, unscrew the cap from the expansion tank, start the car and wait until it warms up - you will notice bubbles appearing as soon as they pass - turn off the car, wait until it cools down a little (so as not to get burned) and return the cap to place.

pump is faulty;

Another problem that may cause warm antifreeze to not reach the heater is a faulty water pump.

What to do: detecting this problem is often quite simple by the characteristic knocking and rumble. If you haven’t noticed one, watch your vehicle; if it gets very hot, even to the point of boiling, remove the pump and disassemble it. If the impeller lives its own life or does not spin at all, replace it or the entire water pump.

radiator tubes are clogged

A very common option, along with an insufficient level of coolant: salts and dirt gradually accumulate on the walls of the tubes supplying coolant to the radiator during operation, and over time there are so many of them that hot liquid cannot even pass through them. As a result, the radiator remains cold, as does the air passing through it.

What to do:

Option 1: Flush the system. To do this, drain the coolant present in it, and in its place, fill in a special cleaning composition or a concentrated solution of citric acid. Start the engine and let it warm up to operating temperature. Drain the cleaning solution and add fresh coolant.

Option 2 (usually used only if the previous method was ineffective). Replace the tubes and radiator.

coolant supply is cut off;

Almost every modern car is equipped with a tap that allows you to shut off the supply of antifreeze to the heater. It allows you to avoid the risk of overheating the interior in the warm season, but at the same time, being a weak point of the heating system, it can create additional troubles.

What to do: check the position of the tap and open it if necessary. If the faucet is jammed, it must be replaced.

A little advice: if you own a VAZ car, we advise you to pay a little extra and purchase a faucet not of domestic production, but of the Audi brand - with it you will not have to replace it every six months.

low coolant temperature;

The last situation in which the heater can give off cold is cold antifreeze. And it can be like this in two cases:

1. it's too cold outside, so on short trips the engine simply doesn't have time to warm up

What to do: insulate the engine compartment.

1. The thermostat has broken down - it is stuck in the open position, as a result of which the coolant “drives” in a large circle, not allowing it to warm up properly.

What to do: check and, if necessary, replace the failed part.

How to improve SOD?

At the moment, there are several ways to improve ODS:

1. Reworking the cooling system. “Kalina” in this case is equipped with a new 6-hole thermostat. This action will make maintaining the temperature of the antifreeze in the system more stable, and will also normalize the operation of the heating elements of the cabin.
2. To reduce cooling system malfunctions, the Lada Kalina is equipped with a coolant filter.
3. Installation of the stove faucet.
4. Additional pump in the engine cooling system. It will not only prevent you from freezing in your car during winter cold, but will also force antifreeze to circulate faster through the channels, which will significantly reduce the risk of engine overheating.

So, we found out how the cooling system in the VAZ Kalina is designed, what problems can arise with it, and how to fix these problems.