Adjusting valves on engines of VAZ 2108, 2109, 21099 cars

The clearance between the camshaft cam and the valve stem compensates for thermal expansion of the valve. Moreover, if the fuel gap is increased, the valve will not be able to fully open, and if the thermal gap is very small, the valve will not be able to fully close.

Today we will try to convince you that the process of adjusting thermal gaps on a VAZ 2109 car is completely simple and it takes no more than thirty minutes.

When is valve adjustment necessary?

It is necessary to resort to adjustment if the car engine becomes unstable. A characteristic knocking sound appeared while the engine was running. Experienced drivers determine the need for adjustment work based on the following symptoms:

• the fuel consumption level of the car has increased sharply;
• there was a knocking noise while the car was running;
• at idle the power unit is unstable;

The valves need to be adjusted every 25-30 thousand kilometers . This is the optimal period; during this time, structural gaps increase due to wear of some parts. Next I will tell you about the procedure for carrying out adjustment work.

Preparing to adjust valves

Before you start adjusting the valves on the VAZ-2109, you should acquire all the tools that may be needed in the process of this work. Namely:

• screwdriver;
• set of wrenches;
• tweezers;
• adjusting washers;
• special kit for adjusting valves;
• valve cover gasket;
• sealant.

The car is set to the handbrake. One of the front wheels is suspended using a jack so that it can be rotated.

In this case, 5th gear should be engaged (if this is not possible - 4th).

Followed by:

• disconnect the pipes from the valve covers;
• remove the air purifier housing;
• Disconnect all damper wire cables from the carburetor;
• To make the crankshaft turn easier, you can unscrew the spark plugs;
• Unscrew the 2 nuts that secure the cover, and then remove it. Clean the upper part of the cylinder head from any remaining oil;
• Remove the front cover from the timing belt;
• Set the piston of the first cylinder to TDC on the compression stroke. To perform this action, turn the wheel so that the mark on the camshaft pulley aligns with the mark on the rear cover of the flat-toothed belt.

Signs you need to adjust your valves

Valve Adjustment Chart

The specificity of VAZ 2109 cars in comparison with the “classic” family is that their engines tend to reduce clearances. The insidiousness of this problem is that it may not appear audibly. On the “seven”, the roar of the valve hitting the cam will quickly tell you that it’s time for the car to be adjusted.

The main signs of large gaps are uneven engine operation (cold or hot, sometimes constantly), “sneezing”, detonation, unpleasant smell under the hood, low compression. These signs often indicate an incorrect carburetor or ignition setting. When setting them up doesn’t help, an inexperienced owner of a “Nine” can attribute the symptoms to unfortunate carburetor makers or the Russian auto industry, although the problem is under the hood.

If you do not adjust the valves on the VAZ 2109, engine repair cannot be avoided. Moreover, in advanced cases, literally everything can be replaced, from rings and seals to the camshaft.

Symptoms of a burnt valve

The main sign of a burnt-out valve is a distinct tripping of the engine in all operating modes. Power also drops noticeably and fuel consumption increases. Signs of failure are similar to other engine problems, and it is easy to confuse it with the following problems:

1. Wear of piston rings and loss of compression in the cylinders.
2. Breakage of high-voltage wires and spark plugs.
3. Failure of injectors and malfunctions of the power system.

To accurately diagnose the malfunction, exclude all of the above options in the following order:

1. Checking the serviceability of the spark plugs is carried out with the engine running at idle speed by sequentially disconnecting the cap of each spark plug. When removing, carefully monitor the engine reaction and stability of its operation. If the engine starts to run worse, it means the valves in the cylinder are intact. If the nature of the operation has hardly changed, then most likely the problem cylinder has been detected.

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2. On the faulty cylinder, replace the spark plug with a known working one, check the high-voltage wire and ignition coil. After starting the engine, it becomes clear whether there was a breakdown in the ignition system, or whether further diagnostics are required.

3. If, when replacing faulty parts of the ignition system, the engine continues to stall, the cause of the breakdown may be a burnt-out valve or a malfunction in the piston group in the form of sticking or wear of the rings. Both failures lead to low compression in the problem cylinder, but by measuring it it will not be possible to determine which of the two failures occurred. To do this, perform the following additional diagnostics:

• After measuring the compression, pour a few ml of engine oil into the problem cylinder through the spark plug hole and take another measurement. If the compression has increased, then the problem is with the rings, if not, then the valve has burned out;
• The spark plug on the problem cylinder is inspected. If the valve is burnt out, it will be completely dry and without any oil deposits. If the failure is related to the piston group, then the spark plug will be covered with oil, and when the engine is running, bluish smoke can be observed from the removed breather.

When adjustment is necessary

Valve adjustment is required when problems occur with the engine or after passing a technical inspection. Experienced car owners can quite accurately determine the cause of a power unit malfunction; the main signs are the following:

• the appearance of a characteristic knocking sound when the engine is running;
• a sharp increase in fuel consumption;
• Unstable operation at idle.

Valve adjustment is also required after every 25-30 thousand kilometers . During this time, some parts wear out and structural gaps increase. Diagnostics can be done at a service center; this service is inexpensive.

Bottom line

As practice shows, there is no need to carry out repairs yourself. In this case, this can lead to the fact that even with savings, there is no likelihood that installing washers will lead to a positive result. A significant amount of effort and time will be spent.

Service center specialists will perform all work promptly. This will save you time and resources, and provide you with ideal conditions for operating the vehicle.

IMPORTANT! Be sure to keep in mind that the equipment is first diagnosed, after which the need to adjust the gaps is determined. Take advantage of this offer, which will guarantee you the best working conditions.

Why are thermal gaps needed?

The term thermal clearance adjustment is usually used among car enthusiasts, but it would be more correct to call this process this way: adjusting the thermal clearances between the camshaft cam and the valve stem. But usually such a slightly abstruse name is used in technical literature, and in colloquial speech the wording is valve adjustment.

There is a thermal gap between the camshaft cam and the valve stem, which is measured at the manufacturer.

The thermal gap on a VAZ 2109 car is measured using a special probe on a cold engine, that is, with a temperature of up to +20 ⁰C between the camshaft cam and the pusher adjusting washer.

If some metallic knocking occurs, the valves need to be adjusted.

Do not immediately contact a car service center, as you can carry out this fairly simple procedure yourself. This way you can save about a thousand rubles. Believe me, this procedure is not so complicated that you need to pay that kind of money for it, because for this you will only need to purchase a special set of tools.

Valve adjustment process

Adjusting valves VAZ 2109

On VAZ 2109 cars, the thermal gap is adjusted using specially adapted washers. adjustment of thermal clearances on a VAZ 2109 car is carried out with the engine idling.

So, the algorithm for adjusting the valves on a VAZ 2109 car:

1. Remove the cylinder block cover. To perform this step, dismantle the air filter, disconnect the pipe attached to the valve cover, but before that, first loosen its clamp. After this, disconnect the throttle valve control mechanism from the valve cover and carefully remove the cylinder block cover;
2. Unscrew the spark plugs;
3. Remove the front plastic cover protecting the gas distribution system;
4. Rotate the car engine crankshaft clockwise until the mark on the timing system pulley aligns with the mark on the rear cover. The crankshaft can only be turned using a wrench using the bolts securing the generator pulley. If you accidentally missed the mark, turn the car engine a few more revolutions;
5. After the marks have come together, rotate the crankshaft a few more teeth of the gas distribution system;
6. Measure the thermal clearance of the exhaust valve of the first cylinder and the intake valve of the third cylinder. For exhaust valves, according to the standard, it is approximately 0.2 millimeters, and for exhaust valves, 0.4 millimeters;
7. If the thermal clearances do not match the standard, then you need to lower the cylinder piston to the lowest position and, using a special device, remove the installed washers;
8. We measure the size of the required washer; to do this, subtract the value of the recommended gap from the size of the thermal gap, and then add the thickness of the washers used to the resulting value;
9. Measure the thermal clearance value for each valve in turn, with each crankshaft turn half a turn;
10. Install washers of suitable thickness and repeat the measurements again.

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How to understand valve adjustment

To better understand the process of adjusting the 2108 valves, it is necessary to briefly consider the design of the timing valve mechanism of this engine. So, to open the intake or exhaust valve, the camshaft cams are used, which, when the shaft is turned, press on the rod of one or another valve, according to the valve timing, and open it.

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The valve is closed by the valve return spring. The cam does not directly act on the valve stem and engines have additional elements in the valve drive. So these can be rocker arms (ZAZ, AZLK, BMW, etc.) of a rocker (classic VAZ) or pushers (glasses) with adjusting washers embedded in them, as in our case under consideration with the VAZ 2108 car and its modifications.

There are special recesses in the block head, round in shape, where a valve with a spring is mounted. A pusher is placed on top of the valve. The pusher has a flange to hold the shim. The washer for adjustment is inserted into this recess in the pusher. The camshaft cam presses on this washer, the washer transmits force to the pusher, and it, in turn, to the valve stem, forcing it to open at the right moment.

Between the camshaft cams and the adjustment washer, it is necessary to maintain a certain gap, designed for thermal expansion of the parts. It turns out that the higher the height of the adjusting washer (its thickness), the smaller the gap between it and the camshaft cam and vice versa.

Each washer has its nominal value in the form of numbers, say 3.15 or 3.80, etc., which is necessary when selecting an adjusting washer by setting the required gap. If for some reason the inscription is erased, then the thickness of the washer is measured with a micrometer. The factory provides a set of adjusting washers from 2.5 to 5.0 mm or more and in increments of 0.05 mm, say 2.5, 3.0, 3.05, 3.10, 3.15, etc. This makes it possible to very accurately select the size in any case - about 122 of the most popular sizes.

In addition, today there are intermediate sizes, such as 3.27; 3.52; 3.78 and others, which further increases the accuracy of adjustment. This is especially true after a major overhaul of the engine with the cylinder head, when the valves were ground in or replaced.

How to adjust valves on a VAZ 2109: instructions

On all VAZ models, the principle of valve adjustment is practically no different. You need to adjust the gaps in the order of operation of the cylinders: first 1 and 4, after 5 and 8. Set the piston of the first cylinder to TDC, then make sure that the marks on the pulley and the rear belt cover match. It should look like this:

Using the “17” key, we turn the camshaft by three teeth, this way we will ensure that the camshaft cams come out of the pushers. We take the dipstick and start checking the gaps. The probe should pass with little effort. If it moves freely or difficultly along the gap, adjustment is necessary.

Using a lever, fix the pusher in the desired position. Next, remove the old washer and set the gap we need. If necessary, install another washer after completing all the work. The procedure must be repeated for each engine cylinder.

Interaction of gas distribution mechanism parts

It is very important to preview the engine performance requirements. The values ​​of its clearances and other indicators of the interaction of parts of the gas distribution mechanism of VAZ 2109, 2108.

On a cold engine, specific clearance values ​​are set between the pusher and the camshaft. The indicator is 0.20 millimeters (a deviation of 0.05 millimeters in different directions is allowed), which is relevant for intake valves . For exhaust valves, the gap value is set within 0.35 millimeters with the same tolerance. Here you need a specific set of feeler gauges that can measure gaps within 0.30-0.40 millimeters.

If the maximum probe fits into the hole, it means that you will need to select an appropriate washer that is slightly thicker in size, and then replace it.

In the same case, when the gap value is smaller, the valve can easily close on a preheated engine. In fact, this is very dangerous, because such a value can lead to the valve and seats burning out. Consequently, there is a sharp loss of pressure, the occurrence of compression and a drop in power level.

Ultimately, this necessarily leads to the need to perform a complete cylinder head repair, which will be too expensive. This can be diagnosed without problems. Indeed, in the case when the gap is increased, a corresponding knock in the engine is noted.

As numerous masters say, this indicates that there is a situation with increased wear on the camshaft. It is exposed to unnecessary shock loads. This in itself is not a pleasant moment. It is in this case that it is important to promptly complete the process of adjusting the gaps at a strictly defined time.

This solution will be especially relevant in the case when the vehicle runs on gas, thereby causing increased wear of the washers. Consequently, the size of the gap will constantly change.

Gap calculation

In order to find out the size of the washers, there is an adjustment formula:

H = B + (A - C)

H – thickness of the new washer;

B – thickness of the washer that was removed;

A – existing gap;

C – nominal clearance (0.2 or 0.35)

We check the gaps with a feeler gauge. It is advisable to have several of them in increments of 0.02 - 0.03 mm.

Correct valve adjustment guarantees a long engine life.

Valve adjustment procedure

In order for the work to be carried out more efficiently, the camshaft pulley should also be marked with additional marks located in a circle, every 90 degrees. During a rotation of this number of degrees, the crankshaft must rotate 180. Thus, each subsequent piston will enter the top dead center of the compression stroke.

1. We combine the marks on the rear panel of the timing belt housing with the pulley. Turn the camshaft clockwise approximately 2-3 teeth. This is done using a 17 wrench, which needs to be used to grab the pulley mounting nut. Thanks to this action, the camshaft cams will be able to completely move away from the pushers.
2. We take the valve adjustment dipstick and measure the existing gap. It should move between the cams thanks to a slight pushing movement.

If the gaps are such that they do not meet the minimum dimensions, the following actions must be taken:

1. A device is installed directly onto the camshaft bearing housing stud, with which the valves are adjusted.
2. The pusher is rotated until the hole is directed towards the master. Thanks to the lever, you should install the pusher all the way, fixing this position.
3. Take in your hands a long, strong and sharp object that can be used to pry the adjusting washer. The latter should be removed using tweezers. Its thickness will be displayed on it.

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In order to correctly select the thickness of the new washer, it is worth resorting to the following calculations: to the thickness of the removed washer, add the difference between the result shown by measuring the gap and what is indicated according to the instructions.

Replacing burnt out valves

The operation of replacing the valves of different engines is similar, and differs only in the size of the parts and their placement on the cylinder head. Before performing the operation, prepare lapping powder, new valve seals and a new head gasket. After dismantling the cylinder head, operations are performed in the following order:

1. Valve desiccation. To do this, the head is laid out on a flat surface and a rubber mat is placed under the valve. A tube with a diameter of 13 mm is placed on the valve so that the crackers are inside, and blows are applied with a hammer. The valve desiccates, and the crackers remain in the tube. The operation is also easily carried out using a special device that compresses the vein and allows you to pull out the crackers.

1. The valve is pulled out, a new one is inserted, and the bushing guide is checked by shaking. If runout is up to 1 mm, the guide is not replaced.

3. If it is necessary to replace the guide, use a special mandrel. The old part is knocked out in the direction of the camshaft using a half-sledge hammer with a heavy blow so that the part does not crumble. Afterwards, a new bushing is driven into the head, having first put a retaining ring on it.

4. The new valve is secured with a retaining ring and the assembly is lubricated with oil.

5. Valve grinding. The seat is initially treated with a special cutter, after which lapping powder is applied to the edge of the valve, inserted into the head, the other end is clamped into the drill chuck, and by pulling it up and down, the valve is provided with a tight fit to the seat. It is advisable to carry out the operation for all valves.

6. Drying of the valve. To do this, press the spring firmly and insert crackers. The cylinder head is attached to the engine cylinder block.

The described method allows you to replace the burnt valves of all models of the VAZ: 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 21099, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, Niva, Lada Priora, viburnum, Grant, Grant, Grant. Vesta and most foreign cars.

Adjustment table according to factory instructions

Checking the quality of work

After completing the repair, it is necessary to check the operation of the engine. First, we install all the dismantled elements in place and screw in the spark plugs. After starting the engine, there should be no knocking of valves or other extraneous noise. We recommend carrying out checks for 15-20 minutes - this will ensure that the cylinders are operating normally even after heating.

It is not difficult to adjust the valves on the VAZ-2109 model yourself. You can do this work yourself, the main thing is to have a special kit and a couple of hours of free time. Using step-by-step instructions and an adjustment diagram, you will do the job efficiently and save on a trip to the car service center.

Which adjustment devices are best to choose?

Conventional tools are not suitable for precise and quick adjustments . Special devices are used with which you can fix the pusher and carry out other work. Today there are special adjustment kits on sale, their cost is low. Purchasing such a kit will be more profitable than trying to make devices from improvised means. Not everyone will be able to find suitable materials and make a dipstick or clamp correctly, and in case of poor-quality repairs, engine performance can become even worse.