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When the generator is turned on, it produces direct current. But to power all consumers in the car and recharge the battery, alternating current with a clearly defined frequency is required.
The diode bridge performs the functions of converting direct current into alternating current. This device is also called a rectifier.
Element appearance
Diode bridges can have different designs. However, cars are mainly equipped with three-phase rectifiers. This is due to the important advantages that they possess. Namely:
- The output produces the most pulsating voltage;
- Three-phase devices are excellent for half bridges and diode bridges;
- Their design allows the additional use of a capacitor - a current filter.
Diode bridge for six diodes and diode bridge for 8 diodes.
A three-phase diode bridge according to the Larionov circuit has 6 diodes, three arms of two diodes each.
A diode bridge can have 8 diodes. This is the case when the principle of increasing the power of the generator is used by using the third harmonic current, which can be taken from the midpoint of a three-phase star.
An alternating current generator should ideally produce a sinusoidal alternating voltage, but this does not work; the output voltage, for design reasons, is distorted. That is, strongly non-sinusoidal is a disadvantage of the alternating current generator, but it can be partially compensated by the fact that the third harmonic of the non-sinusoidal alternating voltage can be isolated and its energy used.
The stator winding is connected by a star and a conclusion is drawn from the midpoint of the star; the voltage that acts at the midpoint is rectified by the additional arm of the diode bridge, so a bridge with 8 diodes is obtained.
Many designs of diode bridges are made universal, for the use of both six diodes and 8 diodes. In this case, in a six-diode bridge, the positions for 7 and 8 diodes simply remain empty.
Examples of diode bridge designs.
BPVO 76-105/15 8 diodes
BPVO 76-105/21 6 diodes
BVO 76.2-105/02 6 diodes without additional. diodes
BVO 3-105-02 8 generator diodes 3282.3771 and 7702.3701
VAZ 2110, 12, 13, 14 are equipped with a 9402.3701 or 5102.3771 80 Ampere generator as standard. with diode bridges 6 diodes
Or increased power generators 3202.3771 for 90 Amperes, or 5102.3771 for 100 Amps, with diode bridges of 8 diodes.
The design of the generator allows the installation of both a six-diode and an eight-diode bridge. If the generator is designed to use a six diode bridge, then installing an eight diode bridge simply won’t change anything, you can install it. If the generator is designed to install an eight diode bridge, then the use of a six diode bridge will lead to a slight decrease in the maximum generator current, which will be acceptable in normal operation with standard electrical equipment.
Examples of generator circuits for VAZ 2110
Many modern generators use diode bridges with 8 diodes, but without additional diodes. DENSO, BOSCH, MITSUBISHI
A few words about its structure
The generator set of this car is a fairly reliable device that can withstand vibration loads and temperature changes in the engine compartment. She is also not afraid of moisture and dirt getting in while driving. Its performance should be stable at any engine speed.
Requirements for the generator:
- The strength of the current generated by the device must be such as to prevent the battery from being discharged, but to be recharged to the required level regardless of the connected consumers;
- Regardless of the engine speed and fluctuations in current consumption, the stability of the on-board voltage must be ensured.
It is an electrical machine that converts rotational motion from the engine crankshaft into constant voltage to recharge the battery. Its body consists of two halves, front and back. The back cover is responsible for attaching a brush assembly with a relay-regulator, a diode bridge, and terminals for connecting consumers of the generated electric current.
The main component of this device is the stator, which generates electrical voltage. It is installed between the halves of the body, front and rear. A rotor with an excitation winding rotates in a housing on bearings. Voltage is supplied to this winding through copper rings on the rotor shaft, and it is supplied to them through a brush assembly mounted on the back cover.
About possible improvements
. Today, lovers of additional consumers of electric current in a car have two ways to increase the battery charging voltage. Let's look at them.
Checking and replacing the diode bridge of the VAZ 2110 generator with your own hands
Once it starts working, the generator begins to produce direct current, but to operate all the devices in the car, as well as to charge the battery, an alternating current is needed (pulsating with a clearly defined frequency).
It is the conversion of current that the diode bridge of the VAZ 2110 generator, which is also called a rectifier, is engaged in. And although there are many design options, the cars are equipped with three-phase ones, the advantages of which are obvious:
- At the output they create the smallest ripple voltage;
- Three-phase rectifiers are suitable for bridge and half-bridge diodes;
- They make it possible to install an additional capacitor - a current filter.
We increase the voltage - all options for solving the problem
Voltage in the on-board network after modification
So, many motorists may decide that the way out of this situation is to install a high-power generator, but at the same time they will have to replace the battery with a more capacitive one. This is done in order not to “kill” the battery that is installed on the car, since a voltage overload will lead to the destruction of the internal cells. This option is not suitable because it is too expensive.
Design
In the original (factory) configuration, the diode bridge of the generator on the VAZ 2110 is a monolithic structure. It is quite reliable, inexpensive, compact, and has, one might say, only one drawback: if one of the diodes burns out, its local replacement is impossible; you need to buy a new factory bridge and install it.
In the event that a check shows that the diode bridge is no longer functioning and needs to be replaced, it is quite possible to assemble it from various diodes. If the factory layout provides four or six diodes, then during self-assembly you can install an additional one.
Many car enthusiasts do this. In addition, as a rule, in the case of self-assembly, diodes are installed not in the factory layout, but a little stronger, so that they do not burn out so quickly.
But since it is impossible to qualitatively test such a rectifier, during “home assembly” you can damage the generator, after which it will be necessary to replace not just a cheap part, but the entire assembly.
Why won't LED bulbs fit into regular headlights?
Most car headlights are more than just a bulb in a reflector attached to a positive and negative light. This is truly a high-precision system, honed by generations of engineers. In the scientific community, there is even a separate direction for studying the influence of light, the basis of any engineering thought - it’s called photometry.
Intensity, or power of the luminous flux (the unit of luminous intensity is measured in candela), luminous flux measured in lumens (Lm), illumination, luminous efficiency and many other equally important parameters.
Right down to reflectors (a complex system of mirrors), which have a strictly adjusted shape for each type of light source. For elliptical optics - one, for dual incandescent H4 lamps - another. Well, for LEDs - the third.
And all this so that the light emitted by the lamp hits the road in such a way as to ensure maximum visibility for the driver without blinding oncoming traffic.
Most LEDs do not emit light from the same location in the headlight housing as incandescent bulbs, and from that point on they are doomed to produce mediocre results!
Causes of breakdowns
As numerous checks show, the main cause of breakdowns is factory. Here, first of all, you need to pay attention to the shell in which the diodes are located. If it is aluminum, it is better not to take such a unit. Much more reliable is steel.
In addition, if the seller does not provide a guarantee, you should be wary. According to reviews on the Internet, the most unreliable diode bridges are made in Belarus.
Step-by-step instructions for repairing the VAZ 2110 generator are located here: https://vazweb.ru/desyatka/gena/remont-generatora.html
- Another reason is moisture ingress, which results in oxidation of the space between the diode itself and the housing;
- Contact of oil or other working fluids of the VAZ 2110 on the surface;
- If you reverse the polarity of the battery while lighting or charging, the diode bridge can easily “fly out”;
- You can also suspect that the VAZ 2110’s rectifier is failing if the battery stops charging.
Features of a car generator
After turning the ignition key, current flows into the field winding. Here it is controlled by a voltage stabilizer, which is powered by the rectifier section.
A car generator produces alternating current, which, after rectification by a diode bridge, becomes constant. Thus, such a unit belongs to the group of DC valve generators.
Its distinctive feature is maintaining voltage within a narrow range of values. A special regulator, which is popularly called “tablet”, “chocolate”, “brushes”, is responsible for the voltage of the generator.
These devices increase the voltage to 13.6 Volts.
Today they are connected according to two main schemes. The older version is reliable, works stably, maintaining voltage at approximately a constant level. The updated scheme has many disadvantages.
The uniqueness of the automobile unit is that it generates electricity by converting the mechanical energy of the rotating engine crankshaft, which is connected to the generator pulley by a belt. At the same time, the engine speed is not a constant value.
Thus, the main task of this electrical unit is to charge the battery and supply all car consumers with stabilized voltage.
In this case, regardless of engine speed, the voltage should always remain within approximately 14 Volts. Otherwise, it will negatively affect both the battery and the electrical circuit. Overcharging and undercharging will have a detrimental effect on the battery.
Examination
Using a multimeter it is very easy to check the serviceability. Need to:
- Place the positive probe of the multimeter at the positive diode bus;
- Do the same with the negative probe and the “-” diode output;
- This test, if the diode bridge is working properly, should give readings close to infinity. If this is not the case, there is a malfunction and needs replacement;
- Now we swap the probes (put plus to minus and vice versa);
- Let's look at the readings. If the unit is working properly, the readings should be several hundred ohms;
- To check the additional diode, perform the same steps as described above.
An article dedicated to the repair and replacement of the speed sensor is located here: https://vazweb.ru/desyatka/elektrooborudovanie/datchik-skorosti.html
Does it make sense to put LEDs in lamps?
photo: vintagecarleds.com
LEDs, when properly placed and properly adjusted (in theory), can convert minimal power input into large amounts of light, which makes the technology attractive overall.
All things being equal, it appears that replacing energy-hungry discharge lamps with brighter, lower-power LEDs kills two birds with one stone. Plus, LED has an “instant on” effect and visual clarity of light (which in practice tires drivers on long trips more due to the sharp transition from bright light to dark than the soft gradient of conventional discharge lamps and even xenon), which forces experimenters put them on your cars. Also, and this is one of the main advantages, LEDs can give old cars a modern style.
Simply put, LED headlights are easy-to-install, easy-to-access “toys” with a flair of safety and technology that make cars look cooler.
Replacement
When dealing with any component related to electrical equipment, you need to start by de-energizing the VAZ 2110. So, we proceed according to the algorithm:
- Disconnecting the battery (remove the “-” terminal);
- Remove the pink wire that turns on the generator. To do this, you need to unscrew the nut from the positive bolt;
- Loosen the upper and lower nuts, and also unscrew the tension bolt, remove the belt;
- Turn the generator 90° and remove the lower mounting bolt;
- Clean all connections, as well as the rectifier housing itself;
- Clean the inside of the ring very thoroughly;
- Replace the generator diode bridge with a new one;
- Reassemble all parts;
- Check the functionality of the generator.
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Modification of the relay regulator
For any modification of the generator set, you need to have at least a little knowledge in the field of electronics. To modify the “relay” for an increased battery charging voltage, you need to purchase the same relay from a foreign car with an output voltage of 14.5 volts, it is indicated on the top cover. The further order will be as follows:
- You need to disconnect the original “pill” from the domestic relay. You need to use a heated soldering iron and tweezers;
- The same procedure is carried out with imported “things”;
- After this, an imported relay must be installed on the domestic brush assembly. Here you will have to work hard, since the pins do not match and they need to be bent and soldered correctly;
- After this, it is securely fastened with screws to the body, having previously been treated with a special heat-shrink paste.
- That's it, you can install the relay regulator on the generator and test it in action, it should produce a voltage equal to 14.5 volts.
