How to check the speed/speedometer sensor on a VAZ 2110 and where it is located

Schematic electrical diagrams, connecting devices and pinouts of connectors

The speed sensor is an element of the vehicle's electronic control system. It depends on its readings how much fuel will be supplied, how much air will bypass the throttle valve when idling, and what the speedometer readings will be.

The speed sensor of a VAZ car is based on the use of the Hall effect, that is, a stream of pulses is transmitted from the device to the car's ECU, the frequency of which is proportional to the speed of the car. Auto electronics, analyzing incoming data, selects the required idle speed and sends a signal to a device that regulates the engine idle speed, which optimizes the composition of the air-droplet mixture entering the combustion chamber, bypassing the throttle valve.

During a distance of one kilometer, the speed sensor transmits over 6000 pulses to the ECU. Based on the parameters of the time analysis of inter-pulse signals, the on-board computer transmits data to the dashboard, thereby determining the speedometer readings.

As in many other cars, the VAZ speed sensor is located in the upper part of the gearbox housing, not far from the engine oil level dipstick. You can get to it from two sides: from above, by opening the hood and disconnecting the adsorber, and from below, using the inspection hole for convenience.

Pinout DS 2109, 2110, 2112, 2114, 2115

If you understand how to connect the speed sensor, then there is the following pinout that you should follow. At the same time, it is important to understand the essence of the operation of the DS to study the circuit diagram of the sensor, which is attached to this article.

The factory speed sensor of VAZ cars is manufactured with some differences in connections to the block connector. The square-shaped connector is used in Bosh electronics systems. The circle-shaped connector is used in electronic systems such as January 4 and GM.

When connecting a sensor, you should choose devices with contact group digitization such as “-”, “A”, “+” (internal designation on the block contacts) instead of digital designations such as “1”, “2”, “3”. In addition, preference should be given to devices with a metal-type rod, since plastic rods are very short-lived.

Connecting RS485 fuel level sensors.

Currently, Omnicomm RS-485 FLS is supported.

For pinout of inputs, see the corresponding section of the KU Operation Manual.

The control unit automatically adjusts to the connected sensor.

Connecting the CU significantly depends on its design (modification).

— The designation of the CU design as a whole contains:

· in the CU passport (acceptance certificate)

on the nameplate

ALVG 816.00.00-XX

XX Designations of the CU version.

In the following illustrations, for example:

Measuring the speed of a car has long been carried out non-mechanically. A speed sensor is responsible for this, the operating principle of which is based on the Hall effect. This sensor supplies the controller with electromagnetic pulses, on the basis of which the latter calculates the speed of the machine.

Vehicle speed is measured as follows. For each kilometer of distance traveled, the sensor sends a fixed number of pulses to the controller - 6004.

The faster the car moves, the higher the transmission frequency. Thus, the controller calculates the speed based on the time interval between pulses.

In addition to its main function, this sensor indirectly helps the car owner save fuel. When the car is coasting at a speed of over 20 km/h, the controller, based on sensor readings, does not open the fuel supply.

The speed sensor of the VAZ 2114, like all other cars of the VAZ family, including the VAZ-2109, Kalina, Priora, is located on the gearbox, or rather, on the speedometer drive mechanism. To find it, you need to crawl under the hood; it is advisable to remove the adsorber to open up the space (you can do without removing it, but getting to the speed sensor will be more difficult). On the side of the right inner CV joint, you need to find the wire that goes to the gearbox; it is this that is connected to the speed sensor connector.

How to check the VAZ speed sensor

A failed speedometer sensor in a VAZ car is easily determined - in this case, the speedometer stops working, and it may also show some signs of life, but display incorrect information.

Using a tube, pliers or other available tools, rotate the sensor axis. In this case, you should see the voltmeter readings changing: the higher the speed, the higher the voltage (from 0.5 to 10 V). If this does not happen, the sensor requires replacement.

Replacing a car speed sensor

As for its location, look for the DS in the engine compartment in close proximity to the exhaust manifold. To be honest, the place where it is installed cannot be called ideal. While the car is running, the manifold heats up. The sensor wires rub against it, which over time leads to malfunctions and short circuits. Therefore, experts recommend that the first step is to properly insulate the wiring, and also use some kind of clamps so that the wires do not come into contact with the collector. This significantly extends its service life.

If the check shows that the DS is faulty, it needs to be replaced. Repairing sensors and similar small electronic devices is a thankless task. In a garage environment, this is unlikely to be possible, and the only thing that can be done is to clean the contacts from oxidation (this can be a problem).

It doesn’t matter whether you have an injection car or a carburetor with a Europanel - the connection of the speed sensor to the instrument cluster is identical.

Replacing the VAZ speed sensor: step-by-step instructions:

1. Drive into the pit - it will be more convenient to work from below - and wait until the engine cools down.
2. Turn off the vehicle's power by removing the cable from the negative terminal of the battery. Do not close the hood after this, this will provide you with lighting.
3. Locate the speed sensor on the transmission. Clean it and everything near it with a rag to remove any dirt.
4. By pressing the spring clip, disconnect the wire block from the sensor.
5. Dismantle the sensor itself by unscrewing it counterclockwise - with your fingers or an open-end wrench to “22”.
6. Carefully, so as not to break anything, install a new part in place of the removed part. Connect the wire block to it and the procedure for replacing the speed sensor can be considered complete.

DIY repair and replacement

If you decide to replace the device yourself, familiarize yourself with the removal and replacement procedure.

The controller is dismantled as follows:

First you need to de-energize the vehicle's on-board network; to do this, disconnect the negative cable from the battery. Next, disconnect the connector with wiring from the controller itself. At this stage, it is important to remember what pinout these elements have. The controller itself can be unscrewed by hand. If you can’t do this on your own, try using a 21 or 22 wrench. In this case, the regulator may have certain differences in design. Also immediately check how well the drive functions. After the regulator is removed, it is necessary to unscrew the nut that secures the drive to the gearbox

The dismantling procedure must be done very carefully, because if you accidentally drop the rod into the transmission, the box will need to be removed and disassembled. As for the new drive, it is equipped with a rubber seal

Before installation, it must be lubricated with transmission fluid. Below is a video that will allow you to more clearly understand the procedure for replacing the controller (the author of the video is Auto News).

All new components must be installed in reverse order. Again, in this case the wiring pinout plays a big role. Inside the block itself you can see how the pinout is indicated. Using a tester with the ignition activated, it is necessary to determine which connector the drive should be connected to.

If the multimeter shows “-” and the drive was connected to the positive connector, this indicates that the polarity needs to be changed. Next, the drive is diagnosed, and you should also check the operation of the speedometer while driving or with the front of the vehicle raised (so that the wheels are suspended).

If you doubt that you can carry out the entire procedure yourself and change the controller correctly, we advise you to seek help from specialists. In principle, this process is not particularly complicated, so the cost of the replacement service will not be particularly high. For installation, it is better to use a higher-quality regulator so that in the future you do not face the need to repair and replace it.

Why the speedometer does not work on the VAZ 2110 injector

All instruments on the VAZ 10 that indicate the speed of the vehicle are pointers, and signs of a malfunction are determined by deviations from the norm of the speedometer needle. If the speedometer is faulty, the arrow when the car is moving:

• does not deviate from zero, that is, does not show speed at all;
• stuck in one position, does not move in any direction;
• jumps, sharply changing readings, while the displayed speed does not correspond to reality.

There are other signs of a faulty speedometer, for example, the device works on a cold engine, and its readings correspond to the norm. As the engine warms up completely, the needle freezes and stops moving.

The main reason why the speedometer on a VAZ-2110 injector does not work is contamination (oiling) of the speed sensor (DS), failure especially often occurs if oil from the gearbox or engine gets onto the DS (for example, there is a leak from the valve cover of the internal combustion engine ). There are also other reasons:

• the speedometer itself has failed;
• the speed sensor is broken (this part on AvtoVAZ cars is not highly reliable);
• there is no normal contact in the DS plug or a break (short circuit) of the wires has occurred;
• The speedometer drive gears installed in the gearbox broke.

Checking the performance of the speedometer 2110

Before you start changing anything, you need to find out why the device does not show speed. First of all, they start checking with the speed sensor, since most often all malfunctions are associated with it. We inspect the DC for contamination, see if there is a break in the wires.

If the electrical part of the sensor is faulty, the Check Engine light on the instrument panel lights up. During computer diagnostics, if the sensor is faulty, the scanner displays error code P-0501, P-0501 or P-0503. Another error is detected by the on-board computer installed on the car.

There are also other signs of a faulty DS:

• at idle, the internal combustion engine is unstable, and the engine may stall at low speeds;
• fuel consumption has increased.

It is quite difficult to check the electrical circuit from the DS to the speedometer on a VAZ-2110 injector car, so here it is better to seek the help of specialists.

The DS drive gears located in the gearbox may also break. The drive itself is easy to check - you need to unscrew the two bolts that secure it with a 10th key and perform a visual inspection of this mechanism.

Electrical circuit of ECM VAZ-21104

1 — block of the ignition coil wiring harness to the ignition system harness; 2 — block of the ignition system harness to the ignition coil wiring harness; 3 — ignition coils VAZ-21104; 4 — immobilizer warning sensor; 5 — immobilizer control unit; 6 — spark plugs; 7 — nozzles; 8 — diagnostic block; 9 — block of the ignition system harness to the ABS cabin group harness; 10 - controller; 11 — electric fuel pump; 12 — block of the ignition system harness to the fuel level sensor harness; 13 — block of the fuel level sensor harness to the ignition system harness; 14 — block of the ignition system harness to the injector harness; 15 — injector harness block to the ignition system harness; 16 — block of the ignition system harness to the side door harness; 17 — speed sensor; 18 — idle speed regulator; 19 — throttle position sensor; 20 — coolant temperature sensor; 21 — mass air flow sensor; 22 — oil pressure warning lamp sensor; 23 - phase sensor; 24 — oxygen sensor; 25 — crankshaft position sensor; 26 — knock sensor; 27 — solenoid valve for purge of the adsorber; 28 — oil level sensor; 29 — coolant temperature indicator sensor; 30 — block of the ignition system harness to the instrument panel harness; 31 — block of the instrument panel harness to the ignition system harness; 32 — ignition relay; 33 - ignition relay fuse; 34 — fuse for the electric fuel pump power supply circuit; 35 — electric fuel pump relay; 36 — electric fan relay; 37 — controller power supply fuse; 38 — ignition system harness block to the air conditioner connector; 39 — instrument cluster; 40 — ignition switch; 41 — electric fan of the cooling system; 42 — on-board control system unit; 43 — starter relay; 44 — contacts of the 8-terminal blocks of the instrument panel harness and the front harness; 45 — contacts of the 21-terminal blocks of the instrument panel harness and the rear harness; 46 — trip computer; 47 - diagnostic connector.

• A - to the “plus” terminal of the battery;
• B1 — grounding point of the ignition coil wiring harness;
• B2 — grounding point of the fuel level sensor harness;
• B3, B4 - grounding points of the ignition system harness;
• C - to the starter;
• D - to the driver's door interior lamp switch.

According to the scheme described above, fuel regulation in a car is carried out. Moreover, it depends not only on the load of the valves in the engine, but also on the corresponding position relative to the throttle valve. With the help of a diagram of electrical wiring and valves, it is possible to understand which of the relays or fuses is malfunctioning and replace it in time. In this case, one of the main roles when supplying fuel is played by electrical equipment (controllers) that regulates the operation of the injector.

Source

Speedometer malfunctions VAZ 2110 carburetor

On early 2110 cars with a carburetor, the speedometer needle is driven from the gearbox by a mechanical cable, and it is much easier to determine the cause of the malfunction here than in an electronic circuit. Checking the serviceability of the speedometer cable is simple: it must be disconnected from the gearbox - if the tetrahedron at its end is intact, then everything is in order in this connection.

Next, we take the tip of the cable with our fingers and try to twist it; if there are no breaks in the cable, the speedometer needle should begin to move (rise). If the vehicle rotates too freely with its fingers, the cable is most likely broken. To check the tens mechanical speedometer itself, you need to remove the instrument cluster.

Types of speedometers

On domestic “tens”, an electronic or mechanical type device can be installed, characterized by the presence of a specific drive. Mechanical automobile speedometers (AS) were installed on the first “tens” equipped with eight-valve carburetor engines. Subsequently, these models began to be equipped with electronic devices. In this case, the torque from the transmission is transmitted to the control panel using a speed controller.

Control panel "tens"

Replacing the VAZ 2110 speedometer

On a VAZ-2110 with an injector, a separate device indicating the speed of the car is not sold, and the instrument cluster on 2110-11-12 is replaced as an assembly. If it turns out that the cause of the malfunction lies in the instrument panel, it must be replaced. We remove the instrument cluster (old model) as follows:

• on opposite sides of the steering wheel from below, unscrew the two screws of the plastic frame;

• unscrew the two top screws of the plastic frame, the frame is secured with 4 screws in total,
• pushing the cover forward, disconnect all the plugs from it;

• unscrew the screws securing the instrument panel, they are located on the sides of the combination;

• we pull off the instrument panel from the upper latches and move it towards the steering wheel;

• at the back of the instrument cluster, disconnect the two plugs;

• We take out the dashboard, now all that remains is to install a new part and reassemble it in the reverse order.

Replacing the VAZ 2110 speed sensor

The main cause of speedometer problems is the failure of the speed sensor, and if the DS is faulty, it must be replaced. It is not difficult to replace the sensor on a VAZ “ten”; almost any driver can do this work independently. The operation is especially simple on a car with an 8-valve engine. Let's start replacing:

• we place the car on a flat horizontal plane; you can do without a pit or a car lift;
• we find the sensor - it is located on top of the gearbox housing, not far from the oil dipstick;

• to disconnect the plug from the sensor, press on the locking bracket;
• Using a 22mm key, we unscrew the sensor itself counterclockwise, often the DS is unscrewed by hand;
• When installing a new part, we use manual force; it is not recommended to tighten the DS with a wrench, as you can break the part or strip the thread.

When installing, we put the connector in place, it should click into place, and the work can be considered complete. With sufficient skill, this operation is completed in 5-10 minutes.

Car owners often encounter a problem when, after replacing the sensor, the speedometer needle begins to “lie” - show the wrong speed. It should be noted that several types of DS have been developed for the VAZ Tens, and they have different catalog numbers. When purchasing, you should pay attention to the number of the failed sensor, and you must purchase a new part only with the same marking.

What else is the reason for the speedometer not working?

However, often the reason for the speedometer malfunction lies elsewhere:

1. Oil and dust get into the speed sensor, which is located in the engine compartment under the hood of the car.

The malfunction is eliminated after removing dirt and oil by washing the sensor. If the DS fails and needs to be replaced, any car owner can perform this simple operation independently.

The replacement sequence is as follows:

• place the machine on a flat horizontal surface;
• open the hood and find the speed sensor on the gearbox;
• by pressing the latch bracket, the plug is disconnected from the DS:
• to remove the sensor, use a 22 mm wrench, turning it counterclockwise;
• The new part is installed by screwing it in by hand. The use of a wrench is not recommended, as you may miscalculate the rotation and break the thread;
• install the connector, as evidenced by the click of the fixed part.

The driver should buy a new DS with similar markings. Otherwise, the speedometer needle will display incorrect readings.

1. For some unknown reason, the VAZ 2110 speedometer stopped working. First of all, you need to check the most accessible elements associated with the speedometer. Since the car compartments are not ideally clean, dirt and moisture can damage any part, including wires and contacts.

Under the influence of moisture and dirt, wires and contacts can oxidize. Eliminating this cause is simple: the contacts must be removed, cleaned of oxidized deposits, wiped dry and reinstalled.

It is also necessary to check the integrity of the wires. Externally good wires may have broken sections of cores inside. Checking the serviceability of the wires involves ringing their surface with a tester.

During operation, the splines and elements that rotate the speedometer cable may be damaged. Such a defect may impair the operation of the instrument panel. You can verify its serviceability by testing it.

1. The third, very important defect is the malfunction of the speed sensor. This device is located on the gearbox, adjacent to the exhaust manifold. This factor leads to heating and chafing of the DC wires.

The reasons for the sensor being out of working condition, the fault can be determined at the service center. The technician will perform this procedure in the presence of the car owner.

To troubleshoot the problem yourself, you should do the following:

• The speed sensor must be removed by unscrewing it from the gearbox;
• connect the DC wire to a screwdriver or drill, set the rotation counterclockwise;
• turn on the ignition.

The movement of the arrow indicates that the sensor is working properly. The weak link is most likely located in the vehicle's transmission. It is difficult for a driver without experience to cope with this task. In this case, the problem must be solved by car service specialists.

If the speedometer needle on a VAZ 2110 does not work, the speed sensor must be replaced.

The speedometer on a VAZ 2110 with an injector is an important element of any car, not excluding the “top ten”. VAZ 2110 drivers even with little experience can check and find the source of the malfunction of this device.

However, if you cannot determine the source of the speedometer problems, you need to draw the attention of technical service specialists to this problem.

Some recommendations

1. The search for the cause of the speedometer's inoperability should begin with an external inspection of the DS and the wires going to it. Wires often break in close proximity to the plug.
2. If the speed sensor is covered with a layer of dirt or oily, you need to remove it, wipe it, reinstall it and check the speedometer readings again. Perhaps after this the instrument needle will again begin to show speed normally.
3. If you cannot figure out the problem yourself, you should contact an electrician at a car service center.

Speed ​​sensor
Carburetor models use a cable mechanical speedometer system, so there is no speed sensor. It's simply not needed.

Symptoms of a problem

The problem may be that the connection diagram is broken, there are disturbances in the electrical circuit, or the connector does not work. In addition, the pinout of the speed sensor, which was mixed up during the assembly process, often becomes a problem.

An indirect sign of a malfunction is that the car stalls when idling.

You, as a driver, will easily notice the presence of incorrect indicators on the speedometer, and also pay attention to the warning light that requires you to check the engine (Check Engine). If such phenomena are detected, there is no doubt - the speed sensor needs to be replaced.

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Instrument panel test on video (speedometer self-diagnosis)

There are some things we don't specifically consider.

Power to the circuit shown in the previous chapter comes from main relay 6. It is also called the “ignition relay”. There is also fuse 1 in the circuit.

Additional relay and fuse box

When the ignition circuit is broken, both the speedometer and the ECU module do not work on the VAZ-2112, and the engine does not start at all. So advice about checking the relay would seem stupid.

Advice for those who have an oscilloscope

If you still decide to dismantle the sensor, connect a 1 kOhm resistor to its output (to the middle terminal). The resistor tap is connected to the “plus” of the power supply. By turning the shaft by hand, pulses can be observed at terminal 2. There are six pulses per revolution.

Troubleshooting

To begin troubleshooting the problem, you first need to find the device. From the photo you can determine how the speed sensor on the VAZ 2110 looks externally.

Ears for fastening

As for its location, look in the engine compartment in close proximity to the exhaust manifold. They say frankly that the place where it is installed cannot be called ideal. It's all about the collector. While the car is running, the manifold heats up. The sensor wires rub against it, which over time leads to malfunctions and short circuits.

Therefore, experts recommend that the first step is to properly insulate the wiring, and also use some kind of clamps so that the wires do not come into contact with the collector. This significantly extends its service life.

Having checked the device visually and not determining the presence of breakdowns, this tells us that the element itself is faulty. This problem can be solved by replacing it.

Preparatory activities

Proper replacement of the speed sensor on a VAZ 2110 implies the mandatory purchase of a new device that meets all the requirements of your car.

Connector

Basically, when purchasing a device, follow two basic rules.

1. Choose a sensor whose connectors inside the block are marked -, A and +. Usually the designations 1, 2 and 3 are used there. There is no fundamental difference between them, it will simply be much easier to carry out the pinout with such markings. It is the incorrect connection that often becomes the reason that you have to seek help from a service station. And these are completely different financial costs.
2. The rod on the element must be made of metal. If the stem is plastic, it will last you about 6 months. It is not in your best interest to replace regularly. But don’t forget to check the metal rod for play, correct rotation, and the presence of a washer in the package.

Preparing for replacement

In order for the procedure for replacing the controller on the tenth VAZ model to proceed correctly and to obtain the expected result, namely the normal functioning of the speedometer, you should be properly prepared for this process.

Firstly, on a VAZ 2110, replacing the DC means purchasing a new controller. When purchasing a new regulator, you need to pay attention to the fact that each connector located in the block design has certain symbols. It should contain the symbols “-”, “A” and “+”, not numbers. In principle, in this case there is not much difference between these options; when connecting the connector you will have fewer problems with pinout. If you have never encountered a process like this, this pinout will allow you to complete it correctly.

Controller connector pinout

One more, no less important nuance. You need to buy a device that is equipped with a metal rod. This rod will last at least six months, which cannot be said about regulators with plastic rods. In addition, when purchasing, you must check whether the rod rotates or not. It should not rotate, there should be no play on this element, and it should also be equipped with a washer.