How to check car errors with pedals - a function that only a few people know about

Modern Lada model

Like any modern foreign car, the Lada Priora has many different sensors installed. The condition of important vehicle systems depends on their correct operation. The problem is that if some sensors fail, the Priora can continue to move. Faults of this kind can lead to increased fuel consumption, unstable engine operation, and increased wear of parts, but the car will drive, and you will only find out about the fault when it means you have to make expensive repairs.

In order not to go into the engine compartment with a multimeter, the Priora has a controller that allows you to check faults using a special tester, a plug-in or built-in on-board computer. In order to diagnose the systems, just press 2 buttons and look at the error codes.

Diagnostics using the built-in BC

To view the error codes, you need to find the daily mileage reset button on the dashboard, press it and, holding it, turn the ignition key. The self-diagnosis mode will turn on. All arrows on the instruments should move from minimum to maximum values ​​and back, and all positions on the LCD display should light up. You need to look: if any position does not light up or the arrow on any device does not move, then you should check the corresponding sensors, their networks or display for malfunctions.

Priora on-board computer

In the same mode, press any button for switching modes of the built-in BC 2 times, after which digital codes may appear on the liquid crystal display:

• 2 - very strong voltage in the BS;
• 3 - errors in the fuel level sensor system in the gas tank;
• 4 - error in the coolant temperature sensor system;
• 5 - error in the air temperature sensor system outside the car;
• 6 — motor overheating;
• 7 — emergency low oil pressure;
• 8 - malfunctions in the brake system;
• 9 - battery is low;
• E - error in the data packet stored in the EEPROM.

Many drivers ask how to reset error codes on a Lada Priora. Perhaps their built-in BC is faulty, since a working on-board computer automatically exits the diagnostic mode after 30 seconds if you do not press any control buttons.

Error 1602

If the standard on-board computer of the Lada Priora 16 valves showed error 1602, then this indicates that the on-board voltage in the controller has decreased.

As practice has shown, this error 1602 does not affect the performance of Priora in any way.

If you remove the terminal from the battery, the problem disappears for a while, but it will definitely appear again. There may be more than one reason for this error to appear:

1. Generator malfunction. To determine accurately, you need to measure its voltage in operating condition, it should be within 14 V.
2. A large voltage drop when starting the engine also leads to this error. First of all, you need to check the ground and the ECU.
3. This error code also appears when the security system blocks one of the electrical circuits.

Checking using a connected computer or tester

Driver Information Panel

Checking system malfunctions using connected devices gives more accurate results, but at the same time requires deciphering special codes. For example, the monitor displays code p0441 or p0130 or error p0422. Oh, these car manufacturers, in human language they could write “replace the oxygen sensor” instead of P0130 or “check the canister valve” instead of P0441. But nothing can be done, the Lada Priora is also intended for export, so it is easier to write p0441 in the program than to give explanations in Russian, Kazakh, Arabic, Armenian and 10 other languages. And then attach special tables that indicate the meaning of certain codes. Just look at them and everything will become clear. But these tables are not included with the operating instructions. Either way, you can check them out below.

All fault codes for Lada Priora car systems consist of 5 characters. Here is a breakdown of Prior's errors.

The Latin letter comes first:

• P - error in the electronic systems of the motor;
• C - error in the electronic systems of the chassis;
• B - error in interior electronics;
• U is an error in the joint operation of different systems.

Next comes the number:

• 0 - OBD-2 code;
• 1 - enterprise code;
• 2 - enterprise code;
• 3 - reserve code.

The system indicates an error

The next digit indicates the system in which the malfunction was found:

• 0 — exhaust;
• 1, 2 — fuel and air supply system;
• 3 - ignition;
• 4 - additional control;
• 5 — idle system;
• 6 - ESC;
• 7, 8 - transmission.

The last 2 digits indicate the serial number of the fault.

Required

The Itelma instrument panel with navigation can be of two types (externally they are no different):

They are not interchangeable, so before purchasing, you should determine whether your vehicle uses a CAN bus or not.

• until 06.2012, cars were produced without a CAN bus;
• remove the instrument cluster and look at the article number or at the block with wires (see pinout of connectors below).

For Kalina (VAZ 1117, 1118, 1119) - all cars without a CAN bus.

• Right steering column switch with joystick (catalog number: 1118-3709340-20);
• Antenna (for roof installation): 1118-7903074.

You can also buy ready-made kits (device + antenna + switch):

Deciphering faults in the fuel and air systems

• P0030 - the oxygen sensor heater wire to the exhaust gas converter has broken;
• P0031 - the same electrical wire has shorted to ground;
• P0032 - the same wire has shorted to the on-board network (BS);
• P0036 - the wiring of the oxygen sensor heater is broken, after the converter;
• P0037 - the same wiring has shorted to ground;
• P0038 - it has shorted to BS;
• P0102 - weak signal in the mass air flow sensor network;
• P0103 - very strong signal in the network of this device;
• P0112 - weak signal in the air temperature sensor network;
• P0113 - very strong signal in the network of the same device;
• P0116 - antifreeze temperature sensor signal is out of operating range;
• P0117 - poor signal from the antifreeze temperature sensor network;
• P0118 - very strong signal from the antifreeze temperature sensor;

Development of a sniffer and study of the CAN bus protocol

After I have access to listen to the CAN bus, I need to decipher who is transmitting what to whom. The CAN packet format is shown in the figure.

All utilities from the can-utils set can parse CAN packets themselves and provide only useful information, namely:

The data is transmitted unencrypted, which made it easier to learn the protocol. On the Raspberry Pi I wrote a small server that redirects data from candump to TCP/IP in order to parse the data stream on the computer and display it beautifully. For macOS I wrote a simple application that adds a cell to the table for each device address and in this cell I can already see what data is changing.

I press the power window button, I found a cell in which the data changes, then I determined which commands correspond to pressing down, pressing up, holding up, holding down.

You can check that the command works by sending from the terminal, for example, the command to raise the left glass up:

cansend can0 181#0200 Commands that transmit devices via the CAN bus in VAG cars (Skoda Octavia 2011), obtained by reverse engineering: // Front Left Glass Up 181#0200 // Front Left Glass Down 181#0800 // Front Right Glass Up 181#2000 // Front Right Glass Down 181#8000 // Back Left Glass Up 181#0002 // Back Left Glass Down 181#0008 // Back Right Glass Up 181#0020 // Back Right Glass Down 181#0080 // Central Lock Open 291#09AA020000 // Central Lock Close 291#0955040000 // Update Light status of central lock (When you send a command to open/close the lock, the LED on the lock control button does not change state so that it shows the real status of the central lock, you need to send an update command) 291#0900000000 I was too lazy to study all the other devices, so in this list, only what was interesting to me.

Malfunctions of auxiliary systems and ignition

Camshaft sensor location

P0337 - crankshaft sensor shorted to ground;

Return to contents

What is the CAN bus for in a car?

The spread of the CAN interface in the automotive sector is due to the fact that it performs a number of important functions:

• simplifies the algorithm for connecting and operating additional systems and devices;
• reduces the influence of external interference on the operation of electronics;
• provides simultaneous receipt, analysis and transmission of information to devices;
• accelerates the transmission of signals to mechanisms, running gear and other devices;
• reduces the number of required wires;

In a modern car, the digital bus ensures the operation of the following components and systems:

• central mounting block and ignition switch;
• anti-lock braking system;
• engine and gearbox;
• airbags;
• steering gear;
• steering wheel sensor;
• power unit;
• electronic units for parking and door locking;
• tire pressure sensor;
• windshield wiper control unit;
• high pressure fuel pump;
• sound system;
• information and navigation modules.

This is not a complete list as it does not include external compatible devices that can also be connected to the bus. Car alarms are often connected this way. A CAN bus is also available for connecting external devices for performance monitoring and diagnostics on a PC. And when you connect a car alarm together with a beacon, you can control individual systems from the outside, for example, from a smartphone.

Failures in the idle speed system (IAC) and ESC

• P0500 - speed sensor is broken.
• P0506 - very low engine speed at idle.
• P0507 - too high speed at idle.
• P0511 - the XX regulator network is faulty.
• P0560 - BS voltage is below the minimum threshold.
• P0562 - very low voltage in the BS.
• P0563 - very high voltage in the BS.
• P0601 - ROM checksum error.
• P0615 - the wires of the additional starter relay are broken.
• P0616 - the same wires are shorted to ground.
• P0617 - they shorted at the BS.
• P0627 - the fuel pump relay wires are broken.
• P0628 - the same wires are shorted to ground.
• P0629 - they shorted it to the BS.
• P0645 - break in the wiring of the air conditioning compressor clutch relay.
• P0646 - the same wiring has shorted to ground.
• P0647 - she shorted to BS.
• P0650 - Malfunction indicator light circuit does not operate.
• P0654 - Tachometer control circuit is faulty.
• P0685 - the main relay electrical wire is broken.
• P0686 - the same electrical wire has shorted to ground.
• P0687 - he shorted it to the BS.
• P0691 - the electrical wiring of the fan control relay is shorted to ground.
• P0692 - the same wiring has shorted to the BS.

Note: in cases where the computer displays error codes that indicate a break in the electrical wiring of a device, before troubleshooting the problem and purchasing spare parts, you must first see if the electrical wiring plug has come out of the connector of the corresponding device. Such incidents happened. Testers and computers are, of course, good, but nothing can replace the eyes of a car enthusiast. Good luck with the repair.

What is CAN bus

A CAN bus is one of the devices in a car’s electronic automation, which is tasked with combining various sensors and processors into a common synchronized system. It ensures the collection and exchange of data, through which the necessary adjustments are made to the operation of various systems and components of the machine.

The abbreviation CAN stands for Controller Area Network, that is, a network of controllers. Accordingly, a CAN bus is a device that receives information from devices and transmits it between them. This standard was developed and implemented more than 30 years ago by Robert Bosch GmbH. Now it is used in the automotive industry, industrial automation and the design of objects designated as “smart”, such as houses.

Do-it-yourself diagnostics

Various breakdowns of sensors and other devices can cause increased gasoline consumption, incorrect engine operation, and increased wear of car system components. Despite the presence of errors, the VAZ Priora will drive until the driver has to make expensive repairs because of them.

VAZ Priora car

So that the motorist does not suddenly have to face the need for repairs, a special controller is installed on the VAZ Priora, with the help of which the driver can diagnose breakdowns. This can be done either using special additional equipment or an on-board computer installed in the car.

In fact, to carry out diagnostics, the car owner will only need to press a few buttons and count combinations of faults.

For example, you do not have a special tester, so we will look at diagnosing the vehicle for errors using the on-board computer. The BC is built into the dashboard and can be used to read combinations of faults. To do this, you need to activate the auto test mode.

The arrows on the dashboard move to maximum values ​​when performing self-diagnosis of the vehicle

1. First, turn off the ignition. After this, hold down the daily mileage reset button and turn on the ignition. Please note: the button must be held down.
2. There is an LCD indicator on the vehicle's dashboard, keep an eye on it. When you turn on the ignition, all icons will begin to light up, and all arrows (speedometer, tachometer, antifreeze temperature sensor, gasoline level status) will begin to move to the maximum values ​​and back. That is, if all the arrows behave as described here, this means that the sensors and indicators are functioning correctly.
3. Now you need to find the button for switching BC functions - it is located on the right steering column switch. By clicking on it, the software version (1.0 and higher) will be displayed on the screen.
4. Click on this button again. Combinations of faults will begin to appear on the screen. If necessary, you can reset error data here. To do this, press and hold the daily mileage reset button for about three seconds.

Lada Priora engine error

There is no need to despair over this error, as it can often indicate minor problems, such as bad fuel or the need to replace spark plugs. But unfortunately, there are situations when Check Engine can mean the “death” of the engine, so this error cannot be taken lightly, and at the first opportunity it is necessary to check all components that may be involved in the appearance of this error.

It is considered normal for Check Engine after you turn the key in the ignition; after you start the engine, the inscription should disappear; if this does not happen, read about the reasons why this error may appear. When you start the engine, the ECU checks all systems and if there are no problems, the Check light goes out, but if the computer finds a breakdown, the light will not go out until you fix the problem or make an error.

1. The first reason, quite popular in our area, is bad gasoline. Often the check light comes on precisely because of poor fuel. This can be treated by draining the “bodyagi” and refueling with normal gasoline; if you feel sorry for gasoline, you can just wait until it runs out and refuel elsewhere with normal quality fuel.
2. Candles. Damaged or faulty spark plugs can cause a Check Engine Light. For example, if the spark plug has an incorrect gap or the insulator is cracked. The solution is to check or replace the spark plugs.
3. Low fuel level, gas tank cap not tightly closed. In both the first and second cases, a problem will arise with the pressure in the fuel system, after which the ECU will report the problem in the form of the appearance of a corresponding inscription.
4. Problems with the ignition coil. The lack of a spark will lead to misfires in the cylinders, and the lambda probe will report an error to the control unit. The solution is to check the ignition coil and replace it if it is faulty.
5. Problems with the lambda probe itself (oxygen sensor). In this situation, repair is impossible; as a rule, there is only one way out - replacing the oxygen sensor. You can, however, try to clean the Lambda Probe, but it is not a fact that this will lead to anything.
6. Catalyst malfunctions. Most often, this breakdown occurs on cars with decent mileage. The catalyst is killed as a result of oil problems when the engine takes oil. The oil consumption does not go unnoticed; the remaining oil does not burn completely and is deposited on the catalyst honeycomb. Also, problems with the catalyst can arise due to poor fuel or due to mechanical damage to the catalyst. This problem can only be solved in one way - by complete replacement.
7. Problem with injectors. The injectors may simply be clogged; the problem can be solved by flushing the injectors. If this does not help, the injectors will have to be replaced.
8. There are malfunctions in the fuel system, the fuel pump is acting up, the fuel coarse filter or fuel filter is clogged. To confirm or refute this assumption, it is necessary to measure the pressure in the fuel rail and check the fuel pump.
9. It happens that the Check Engine lights up due to problems with the BB wires. If there is a suspicion of their malfunction, it is necessary to check the high-voltage wires and, in case of malfunction, replace them.
10. The mass air flow sensor (MAF) is often the reason why the “ Check Engine ” lights up. In order to find out if there is a problem with the sensor, you need to check the mass air flow sensor. If it turns out that the sensor is faulty, replace it.

If you see that the Check Light has come on, the first thing you need to do is stop and listen, take a closer look at the operation of the engine. If everything is normal, the speed does not fluctuate, there are no noises, the fluid level (fuel, oil, coolant) is normal, you can continue driving, but upon arrival, be sure to visit a service station to determine the cause of the Check Engine. If the problem is resolved, then the Receipt sign should disappear soon, this can happen in an hour or in a day or two. If this does not happen, then the problem is not solved and the search for the fault must be resumed.

Decoding codes

Well, if you succeed in checking your car for faults, then you need to decipher the combinations of errors, otherwise why do you need diagnostics at all?

Self-diagnosis

Let's look at the decoding of combinations of faults that you can read when checking the Lada Priora yourself.

The arrows on the dashboard move to maximum values ​​when performing self-diagnosis of the vehicle, and all icons on the panel are lit

Please note: if the button for switching functions of the on-board computer is not pressed for more than 10 seconds, the instrument panel will return to operating status.

Failures in the ignition system

If you were unable to check your VAZ Priora yourself, you can do this using a special tester. In this case, the error code will be a combination of a letter and four numbers:

• P - means a breakdown in the operation of the electronic systems of the internal combustion engine;
• C - malfunction of the chassis;
• B - breakdown in the electronics of the car interior;
• U - indicates an error in the joint operation of different systems;
• the number 0 indicates the OBD-2 code;
• 1 and 2 - enterprise code;
• 3 - reserve code.

Connector for self-diagnosis of a VAZ Priora car

Fuel and air system error codes

Troubleshooting

There are several methods for troubleshooting the problem, but together they constitute a complete diagnosis of the car for faults in the coolant temperature sensor. After all, error number 4 gives a signal about exactly this. You can fix it like this:

1. First we check the sensor to see how well it functions. It copes with the assigned tasks, there are no complaints about the speed and clarity of data transmission - let's move on to the next point. Does not respond to signals - most likely, it is completely broken and requires replacement.
2. This is followed by checking for contact and absence of plaque. If a problematic connection is identified, the sensor will have to be replaced with a new one. And if the surface is covered with plaque, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the seat.
3. Now you can move on to the on-board circuit, make sure that there is contact there.
4. The remaining dilemmas usually lie in electronics, for this reason the car is taken to a specialist who can adjust the device. Usually in such a situation the ECU is re-flashed, which means that errors are prudently reset.

When do you need dashboard repair or replacement?

The Priora tidy does not have a large number of parts that are subject to frequent breakdowns. Typically, repair of the indicator unit comes down to replacing light bulbs and individual elements of the device. Users resort to replacing the board only when there is a malfunction of the contact group, connectors, or the board is damaged.

In case of serious damage (major short circuit leading to burnout of the main structural elements), repair may not be cost-effective. The cost of labor and materials often exceeds the price of a new module.

Possible malfunctions and ways to eliminate them

When operating a vehicle, individual components of the instrument panel may fail. Among the most common breakdowns are factors.

1. Burnt out contact of one of the indicator lamps. Usually resolved by replacing the light bulb.
2. Failure of the contact group can be eliminated by completely replacing the module - resoldering the part is not economically profitable.
3. Malfunction of arrow indicators. It can be fixed by replacing the block.

Main indicators

The Priora dashboard contains twenty-four visual elements. When the ignition is turned on, all warning lights on the dashboard turn on briefly. Thus, the on-board computer (in the future, possibly BC) checks their serviceability. This is not a mistake, as some novice car enthusiasts think.

On the Priora shield, from left to right, there are four largest elements in the form of graduated semicircles.

1. The first scale is the tachometer scale, the purpose of which is to measure the engine speed. The values ​​are shown in two colors: white (normal) and red (dangerous). If the instrument needle falls into the last gap, then the Priora’s engine is in danger.
2. The second scale is a visualization of the car's speed - the speedometer.
3. The third graduated semicircle indicates the current antifreeze temperature. If the indicator needle hits the area with red numbers, the Priora should be stopped in order to avoid boiling in the cooling system.
4. The fourth semicircular scale of the Priora dashboard reflects the fuel level in the tank. When the arrow hits the area with red scale divisions, the yellow indicator lights up. It is located slightly lower and is depicted in the form of a gas station. This means that Priora has been transferred to the reserve level of gasoline consumption.

The following indicators are located at the bottom of the panel from left to right.

1. Check signal, or Check Engine. This indicator lights up when a breakdown occurs in the engine and displays Priora errors on the instrument panel.
2. Lights up when there is a problem with the clutch system.
3. Signals that a certain airbag is disabled.
4. Indicates that an accident has occurred with the brake system.
5. If the passenger's seat belts are not worn, this indicator will illuminate.
6. BC screen.
7. It beeps and lights up if there is a malfunction in the immobilizer system.
8. Airbag failure indicator.
9. Indicator of the operation of external lighting devices: low beam or dimensions.
10. Lights up when the high beams are turned on.
11. Failure indicator in the electric amplifier.
12. Alarm when the emergency lights are on.
13. Reset button.

In the middle of the panel, two on the left and on the right, there are four signal elements:

• displays errors that occur in the brake force distribution system;
• battery low indicator;
• indicator of emergency, reduced lubricant pressure in the engine;
• a signal that the Priora has the handbrake on.

On the dashboard of the Lada Priora, under the speedometer, there is a functional element, which is a bot computer screen. It contains information received from sensors and devices, and indicates the mileage for the current day and for the entire period of operation of the Priora.

Connecting to the CAN bus of a car

Having studied a little the open documentation on the VW CAN bus, I found out that I use 2 buses. Powertrain CAN bus

, transmitting data at a speed of 500 kbit/s, connects all control units serving this unit.

For example, the following devices can be connected to the CAN bus of the power unit:

• the engine control unit,
• ABS control unit,
• control unit for the exchange rate stabilization system,
• gearbox control unit,
• airbag control unit,
• instrument cluster.

CAN bus of the Comfort system and information command system

, allowing data transfer at a speed of 100 kbit/s between control units serving these systems.

For example, to the CAN bus of the Comfort system and information

Now I can listen to everything that happens on the Comfort CAN bus and send commands.