The recognizable appearance of the UAZ “Loaf”, the legendary van first produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant back in the 60s of the last century, is familiar to almost every resident of the post-Soviet space. The multi-purpose all-terrain vehicle remains in demand to this day.
Of course, over the many years of production, the UAZ-452 model has been modernized many times, and new vehicles under different indices have been created on its basis. Despite the updated platform, suspension, different engines, nothing fundamentally new could be invented with the design of the UAZ. However, the conversation will not be about the exterior of the famous van; beauty, they say, is in the eye of the beholder, but about the electrical circuit of the UAZ “Loaf”.
Wiring diagram for loaf with carburetor engine
To connect electrical appliances to the system of a car with a carburetor, an old-style circuit is used - a loaf designed for UAZ cars produced in 1954 - 1984.
Why might you need a wiring diagram for such a car? The need for instructions for wiring in a car may arise not only if some defect that interferes with the operation of the vehicle is corrected, but also when the wiring is re-installed.
It is worth remembering that there are two circuits for a car with a carburetor engine. The first is a simple one, in which there is no electronic carburetor control unit (this element appeared after 1984 and is not included in the old circuits).
The second is a little more complicated (the connection to the carburetor control unit is taken into account). Such a scheme should be used if it is necessary to connect to the operation of all electronic systems of the car, and not just the ignition and the minimum necessary to drive the vehicle.
To conduct wires according to a simplified scheme, it is enough to stretch a wire from the battery through the toggle switch to the ignition to create a spark, and the second through the relay and button to the starter to make it possible to start the engine.
If the car's generator does not have a voltage regulator built-in, then you need to purchase one and connect it to the system.
Meet UAZ 452
The car was a cargo-passenger version of an off-road vehicle with a 4x4 wheel arrangement. The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant mastered production of the model back in 1965.
You can evaluate its capabilities by watching the following video:
The UAZ 452 is capable of transporting cargo weighing up to 700 kg in the back. In addition, it can tow a trailer weighing 850 kg. The vehicle became very popular not only in Russian off-road conditions, but was also successfully used in large cities in various capacities (pictured in the article).
In particular:
- Like a traffic police car;
- As a fire engine;
- Ambulance car;
- Grocery store;
- Utility vehicle, etc.
The famous Barefoot on the basis of UAZ 452 - a road train in the Izmailovo Central Park of Culture and Culture
Electronic components
The electrical wiring of the UAZ 452 was a simple single-wire circuit.
Structurally, it had the following solutions:
- The role of the second wire was played by the metal body and the components and assemblies attached to it;
- All electronic components and actuators had a “-” displayed on the housing. The cost of such a solution justified the imperfection of the scheme.
For reference: The instructions provided for regular checking of contacts. When oxidized, they should have been cleaned with sandpaper.
Power unit
The engine compartment is located directly inside the car, as this is due to its design.
Access to components and assemblies is also provided from the passenger compartment by removing the cover, which:
- Provided protection for the driver and passengers from the penetration of exhaust gases;
- Protected from dust and dirt;
- Served as an additional heating element (passive - from heating).
The high layout of the engine contributes to the vehicle's cross-country ability in off-road conditions.
The previously used engine from the Pobeda was replaced with a more modern engine from the 21st Volga. This was facilitated by the launch of a production line at the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant in 1964.
Note! Despite some skepticism regarding the inconvenience of servicing a cabover car with your own hands, years of operation have proven that there are no difficulties.
Passive vehicle safety
The design of the "Baton" with a cabover layout also initially raised a number of questions regarding safety. However, a series of crash tests conducted back in 1971 at the Dmitrov test site proved that in most emergency situations the driver and passengers of the UAZ 452 have a chance to avoid injury.
A striking example of comprehensive testing of “Tablets”
Wiring diagram for a loaf with an injection engine.
When repairing electrical wiring in such a car, it is difficult to find a ready-made connection diagram - the manufacturer did not include it in the operating instructions.
It is believed that the wiring diagram for electrical appliances in UAZ loaf cars with an injection engine almost completely corresponds to the diagram that is used in a car with a carburetor, but in reality they are different.
To solve car control problems related to wiring, 2 connection schemes are used - standard for a loaf with a carburetor engine and injection for GAZ - 69 “Kozel”.
Combining the information from these two diagrams allows you to repair or reinstall the wiring in the injection loaf.
Instead of a circuit diagram for an injection GAZ-69, a circuit diagram for an electronic engine control system can be used, so drivers are advised to carry it with them along with a wiring diagram for a loaf carburetor engine.
terms of Use
Experienced car enthusiasts assessed the car modification differently. In comparison with its predecessor - UAZ 469, the new “three hundred and fifteenth”:
- Became more comfortable, which was facilitated by alterations to the interior and chassis;
- It lost its off-road qualities because it received gearboxes with changed gear ratios.
In practice this was expressed as follows:
- When used in off-road conditions, the old 469 easily overcame mud thanks to its “military bridges”;
- The new UAZ could be “buried” in swampy areas due to the installation of “civilian” bridges;
- The maximum speed of “469” did not exceed 90-100 km/h on the highway;
- The new UAZ 31514 accelerates to 120-130 km/h.
Conclusions: the appearance of the “civilian” version allowed the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant to maintain its leadership among domestic SUVs. UAZ cars are still popular vehicles for many municipal and emergency services.
To ensure the functionality of all electrical devices on any car, an electrical circuit is used. In this article we will talk about the legendary domestically produced cars - UAZ. What is the electrical circuit of the UAZ Bukhanka car, what are its features - read about it below.
Period from 1965 to 1984
During this period, the automaker equipped its products with electrical components available to the domestic industry. Some of them were known for a long time, others were experimental, as evidenced by videos from previous years, and which had to prove their suitability.
Lighting control
In particular, the controls and a number of main units migrated from its predecessor, the GAZ-69. Thanks to this, the price of the car remained the same.
On models of the first years of production, a foot light switch was installed, which had several operating modes:
- The first position activated the circuit for switching the low beam headlights and side lights;
- In the second position, the low and high beam headlight circuit was activated.
For reference: Turning on the headlights (low or high beam) led to the turning off of the front side lights.
The modernized light switch has a different operating algorithm:
- The first position supplies power to the side lights only;
- The second position is side lights and low (high) beam headlights.
Caution: This algorithm with non-switchable dimensions is a mandatory requirement for passing MOT. The factory instructions give recommendations for reworking the old circuit, in which it is important not to mix up the contacts of the foot switch.
The most correct option is to replace the old switch with a modern one, which uses only 3 contact groups.
Also, on older versions of the “452” there was no alarm, so in the electrical diagram:
- An RS-57 breaker relay was installed (mounted in the wiring gap from the “+” terminal of the battery to the direction indicator switch);
- The middle contact of the relay closed the indicator light on the instrument panel.
Differences between electrical systems
Modernizations affected the service conditions of cars of different years of production.
The car does not cause any particular difficulties when carrying out routine maintenance with your own hands, however, the electrical systems have differences, the reasons for which were:
- Modifications of power units;
- Changes to the instrument panel;
- Installations of lighting and side lights of a new generation.
Read also the article “Wiring Moskvich 2140: two cars under one index.”
Original photo of the 1974 model documentation included with the car
Release 1965 - 1984
If we talk about the beginning of production, then that UAZ 452 electrical equipment circuit lasted on the assembly line until 1984. During this period, many details in the circuit were borrowed from other models. Also, quite a large number of details could be called experimental. However, as the future has shown, such simplicity resulted in extreme reliability during operation.
In those years, it was quite a difficult task to find the necessary elements and parts. This problem was especially pressing in ignition and lighting systems. Therefore, the solution was to borrow parts from predecessors. So, a foot light switch was taken from GAZ 69.
She got the Bukhanka's headlights from the GAZ 24. The ignition system was copied with minor changes from the Volga. Therefore, it is not surprising that the GAZ 452 manufacturers also borrowed the engine from the Volga. As for the electrical circuit, everything was very primitive and simple, but at the same time practical and reliable. In addition, the price of the issue clearly justified such simplicity.
The electrical circuit of old UAZs was not ideal. The instructions of those years even provided for cleaning the contacts with sandpaper in case of oxidation. This approach raised some doubts about the safety of the electrical wiring design. And the UAZ electrical wiring itself in those years was a simple single-wire circuit.
troubleshooting
On any domestic car, problems periodically arise in the operation of electrical equipment. If you notice that the UAZ wiring is not working correctly, you need to diagnose it and check all the elements. If there are any malfunctions in the operation of electronic devices, first of all you need to check whether the fuses in the mounting block have burned out. If everything is fine with these elements, but the equipment still does not function, for example, if we talk about optics, then you need to check whether the light bulbs are working. If the lamps themselves are working, it is necessary to test the electrical part using a tester (the author of the video about testing car wiring is Ramil Abdullin).
If the Loaf refuses to start at all, you need to do the following:
- First of all, check the functionality of the battery.
- With the battery charged, use a tester to test the circuit from the coil to the generator; often the reason for the inability to start the engine is breaks in the wiring. If there are breaks, the wires should be changed. If there is oxidation on the contacts, they should be cleaned.
- Starting the power unit will be impossible if there is no spark. To diagnose the presence of a spark, remove the high-voltage cable from the spark plug and bring it to the body. When you try to start the engine, a spark should jump between the cable and the body.
- If there is no spark, the problem may be carbon deposits and deposits on it. By the way, carbon deposits are often the cause of unstable engine operation and tripping. To get rid of such a malfunction, it is advisable to clean the spark plugs; step-by-step instructions for this process are presented here.
Improvement of electrical equipment
Most car enthusiasts will agree that an equally important thing is the central locking on the UAZ. The lock for the UAZ Bukhanka can be easily purchased at any auto parts store and installed on the vehicle without any problems.
Another “upgrade” for this car is an electric engine fan. An electric fan is a standard part for most modern cars. However, in older models such a device was not installed. Many car enthusiasts have already become convinced of the usefulness of such a wiring part as an electric fan, so it is often installed on the Bukhanka, especially since it can be easily purchased at any car store.
In addition, UAZ 452 owners often change standard mirrors. Since this car is often used in rather extreme conditions, heated mirrors would obviously be useful. Especially for drivers in cold climates. Electrically heated mirrors are quite simply installed on the Bukhanka, since the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452 allows such improvements.
New modifications
Since 1985 the car has undergone changes. They can even be called quite significant. It is also worth considering that in recent years the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452 has been quite seriously modernized. And the basic equipment itself has become noticeably richer. Now the injector has become a modification for the UAZ Bukhanka. The manufacturer abandoned carburetor systems and released a more economical and modern injector for the UAZ Bukhanka. The electrical equipment of the UAZ has become more progressive.
The dashboard has also been transformed. The most noticeable changes were: an additional starter relay, additional resistance in the battery ignition circuit. However, most Bukhanka owners upgrade their vehicle themselves. And the dashboard is the first step to modernizing the interior.
In the basic configuration, the dashboard does not look impressive, so most drivers decide to upgrade its appearance. A solid overlay is installed on the panel, which makes it more visually interesting. This overlay is freely available, and buying it is not particularly difficult. The dashboard in the UAZ 452 is all-metal and does not decorate the interior. Modern panel trim is mostly made of plastic and serves as a good decoration for this car.
Another drawback in the old Loaf is the lack of electric windows. However, power windows can be easily installed yourself. They will fit perfectly into the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452. But neither the installation of window regulators nor their initial absence in the electrical wiring is the main problem of the poor configuration.
general information
The UAZ 31519 all-wheel drive vehicle was produced at the Ulyanovsk plant from 1997 to 2013. The main goal of designing the unit is to replace the obsolete UAZ 31514 with a model with more power. Based on the car, modifications have been created that differ in the level of interior trim and power plants. Due to the use of users with different characteristics and parameters, the UAZ 31519 electrical circuit also contains individual features.
Connection of users of the UAZ 315195 and others is carried out according to the principle of a single conductor, when the positive terminal of the equipment is connected into one circuit. The negative terminals are attached to the frame of the machine, which plays the role of a second conductor. The car's network voltage is 12V; the equipment is protected by a block of safety elements.
Communication between energy consumers occurs through a composite exciter key, in which the contacting part and anti-theft equipment are structurally provided. The UAZ 31519 wiring diagram provides for powering consumers using a current source until the power plant is activated. Once the motor is activated, power is provided by a generating device that generates alternating current and passes the energy through a rectifier unit. In addition, the product charges the battery, maintaining performance. You can also read about UAZ 396255.
Electrical diagram of UAZ 31519:
What is included in the electrical circuit?
What features do automotive electrics have on old cars produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant?
Electronic components
The electrical circuit of the UAZ 452 itself is quite simple - single-wire.
By its design, the wiring diagram of a UAZ390995 or other model is characterized by the following solutions:
- The vehicle body is used as the mass.
- Any electrical equipment of the old-style circuit on a UAZ 409 or other model, as well as actuators, are equipped with a negative terminal, which is connected to the car body. According to experts, in general this scheme is imperfect.
According to the operating instructions for electrical equipment, the driver must periodically diagnose the condition of the integrity of the contacts. We are also talking about their oxidation. If the driver notices the presence of oxidation on the terminals, he should treat them using fine-grained sandpaper.
Engine compartment
In this case, the engine compartment is located directly in the passenger compartment in accordance with the design of the car.
Access to the electrical circuit and other mechanisms and assemblies is made from the interior, as a result of dismantling the cover, which:
- Designed to protect the motorist and passenger from exhaust gases entering the cabin.
- Allows you to protect the car interior from the penetration of dirt and dust.
- Performs the function of an additional heating device, in particular passively, as a result of heating.
Engine compartment of an AUZ car
Previously, the UAZ 396255 and other models with a carburetor used an engine from the legendary Pobeda, which was later replaced with a more improved and modern unit. In particular, it means a Volga engine. This decision at one time, back in 1964, was facilitated by the serial launch of a production line at the ZMZ enterprise. Despite the fact that many domestic car enthusiasts claim that the UAZ 390994 injector circuit in the engine compartment is located in an inconvenient place due to the lack of a hood, this is not so. Decades of operation have proven that the absence of a hood in no way affects the diagnosis and maintenance of the car.
Passive safety
The very design of the domestic Loaf with the absence of a hood at first raised many questions in terms of the safety of the driver and passengers. As a result of several dozen crash tests that were carried out back in the early 70s of the last century, it was revealed that the car is no less safe when compared with other domestic cars. As the results showed, in the event of an accident, both the driver and passengers of the car have a good chance of avoiding injury in an accident.
Features of the model and its equipment
The wiring diagram still amazes with its quality. The legal successor of this vehicle was another model 31514, which began production in 1993 and immediately won a circle of its admirers. The new models are significantly different from the previous ones. Not only has the design been improved, but so has the wiring. For example, the electrical circuit of the UAZ 390994, the injector of which could cause inconvenience, did not have a special temperature sensor. New models have contactless ignition. The node includes:
- low voltage ignition coil;
- electronic transistor switch;
- distributor, i.e. sensor-distributor;
- electrical additional resistance;
- special emergency breaker;
- fuses (unit installed).
For example, type 390994, whose injector caused problems at high speeds, did not have such high-quality and sophisticated wiring. And the disadvantage of such a network element does not ensure the closure of the damper for the intake manifold. Servicing such a system is inconvenient; the absence of just one sensor is what makes 390994, whose injector is so “problematic,” not so in demand. The situation was resolved by using a better system and additional cables.
