Wiring diagram for VAZ 2121. Modernization of the engine and ignition system. Instrument panel features

Having appeared 6 years after the start of operation of the plant in Tolyatti, the VAZ 2121 car for many years secured the primacy of an off-road model with great capabilities. And although the transmission was a fairly revolutionary solution for the domestic automobile industry, the electrical circuit was used virtually unchanged.

The VAZ 2121 wiring was borrowed from existing models

Like most other parts, the SUV was borrowed from its passenger counterparts. In particular, the electrical wiring of the VAZ 2121 was the wiring of the VAZ 2106 after minor modifications.

In fact, the electrical circuit is:

1. A single-wire circuit, where the role of the second wire is played by the car body;
2. All actuators and control devices have outputs from the negative terminal to ground;
3. The main circuits are protected by fuses.

Find out also about all the nuances of wiring a VAZ 2114.

Power supply for electrical equipment

Electrical equipment installed on Niva receives power from the main elements of the system:

• if the engine is not running, the current is supplied by a battery installed in a special compartment;
• As soon as the power unit starts, the electrical alternator takes over control. It is equipped with all necessary protection mechanisms, a rectifier and an electronic output voltage regulator.

The battery, which is used when the engine is turned off, begins to restore its charge when it starts and does not take part in any processes.

About standard engine protection

The Niva is designed primarily for off-road driving or very bad roads. This leads to regular landings “on the belly”, hitting the ground and stones. The standard crankcase protection for Niva 21214 is a curved metal plate 2-3 mm thick. Several fins and holes are provided for additional engine cooling.

In reality, according to reviews from most drivers, when driving on real off-road or deep snow, the ventilation clogs instantly. If you do not clean it regularly, then after a while a dense layer of mud will form between the crankcase and the protection. It leads to additional heating of the engine. In addition, the factory protective plate will save the maximum from soft ground. It can only withstand a blow against a large stone.

Therefore, it is strongly recommended to replace the standard crankcase protection with a professional one from a store or make it yourself. Some models consist of one element, others - of two (1 plate for the engine, 2nd for the gearbox and underbody). There are three materials for making parts, each of which has its own characteristics:

• Iron or steel. Factory version of the tread, which actually does not fulfill its purpose during aggressive off-road driving. It is cheap, but is present under the crankcase purely nominally.
• Aluminum (duralumin). The plate is 4-5 mm thick, but at the same time significantly lighter than its iron counterpart. The material does not rust and is practically not subject to corrosion; it does an excellent job of cooling and protecting the engine. A significant disadvantage is that the cost is almost 2 times higher than factory models.
• Composite The material provides maximum “armor”, not much heavier than duralumin plates. The main problem is the price (the average price tag is 8,000 rubles).

Fuses used in the electrical circuit of the Niva 2121 car

Fuses are used to protect almost all electrical circuits in the system.

In the event of a short circuit, they instantly burn out and open the connection, turning off the protected equipment.

The use of fuses on the Niva 2121 car has a number of its own features:

• All electric motors of the gearmotors that control the windshield wipers are reliably protected by fusible inserts that can be reused. They are of the bimetallic type and operate fully automatically;
• to minimize the risk of a short circuit in the equipment circuit, fuses with a wire with a cross-section of 1 mm are used to supply power to the fuel injection system. Such inserts burn out instantly, opening the network and completely eliminating spontaneous combustion;
• circuits of equipment such as a battery, ignition and engine starting systems, and a generator do not need protection, so fuses are not integrated into them at all;
• the power supply system to the electric cooling radiator fan is protected by an insert that can withstand current and more amperes;
• the electric fuel pump, optical equipment, electric fan motor and other high-power consumers are connected to the on-board network through a special relay equipped with its own fuse and do not require any additional protection;
• 15 amp fuses are installed to protect the electrical circuits of the electronic control unit, fuel pump and main relay of the fuel injection system.

Off-road tuning

To operate the VAZ 2131 as an SUV, you need to install a special winch, thanks to which you can overcome obstacles on shallow land, as well as a snorkel to operate the engine underwater. This will help you easily pull out a car stuck in the mud. For lifting on the road, the VAZ is equipped with off-road wheels. By the way, the easiest way is to go to a tire shop and calmly prepare the wheels for any off-road rides.

Equipping your car with electric power steering will make driving easier. The suspension can be equipped with a gas-oil shock absorber and a driveshaft. If you apply tuning to the chassis of the car, this will improve and strengthen the performance of the suspension. Continuous contact with the road will be ensured by installing good shock absorbers.

This type of car has a key feature: it has a program for engine control. This not only allows you to significantly save fuel consumption, but also makes the car more dynamic.

Various modifications to both the appearance of the car and its interior, as well as bringing the technical characteristics to perfection, will make the car stand out from the gray cars and make it the ideal partner of its owner. The work on changing and re-equipping a car should be carried out by professionals who will choose the right path to change the properties of the car for the better.

And then a video of a tuned Niva 2131 versus a Gelendvagen off-road:

Fuse location

All fusible links used in the electrical circuit of the Niva 2121 car are divided into two groups.
They are located in the fuse boxes located under the dashboard to the right of the driver's seat. You can easily find a description of each of these safety devices, as well as their technical characteristics, in your vehicle's owner's manual. If any electrical equipment in your car has failed, the first thing you need to do is check that the fuse is working properly. To do this, it is very important to follow the following safety rules:

• Before replacing the fuse link, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause of its failure;
• In no case should you install fuses that do not meet the requirements of the car manufacturer;
• It is strictly forbidden to close the contacts of the inserts with any metal objects;
• Do not remove fuses from the block using a screwdriver or knife without first turning off the power supply.

In the figure below you can see a detailed diagram of the location of the fuses of the Niva 2121 car, as well as the connections of all electrical equipment.

Guide to removing and connecting the generator

To remove the unit, you need to prepare a set of tools: keys “10” and “19”, ratchets with heads, a hammer and a small extension.

The process consists of the following steps:

1. First of all, remove the negative terminal from the battery.
2. Next, you need to remove the engine protection and the right mudguard.
3. Then, using a hammer, carefully knock out the mounting bolt and remove it.
4. At the next stage, you need to disconnect all the wires going to the generator: the plug and the wires secured with a nut.
5. Then the fastening on which the belt tensioner is located is unscrewed.
6. By removing the belt, the assembly can be dismantled through the hole that was formed after removing the protection.
7. After replacement or repair, install the unit in reverse order.

The generator is connected according to the diagram.

Electrical connection diagram

Price issue

The VAZ 21214 generator has good repairability, which allows you to significantly save money if worn or broken parts are replaced in a timely manner.

If you change the complete unit, the cost of replacement will be as follows:

• generator 21214 – 3125 rub.;
• lower mount – 133 RUR;
• fastening bolt - 53 rub.;
• tension bar - 55 rub.;
• relay RS-527 – 57 rub.

Total: 3423 rub.

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SCHEME VAZ-2121

SCHEME VAZ-2121

VAZ 2121 “Niva”, developed and produced since 1979.

Electrical diagram of VAZ-2121:

1. Headlights, 2. Headlights, 3. Headlight cleaner motor, 4. Horn, 5. Headlight washer motor, 6. Windshield washer motor, 7. Generator, 8. Side turn signal, 9. VAZ-2121 battery, 10. Heater motor, 11. Additional resistor for heater motor, 12. Windshield wiper relay-breaker, 13. Starter, 14. Windshield wiper motor, 15. Carburetor limit switch, 16. Carburetor solenoid valve, 17. EPHH control unit , 18. Switch, 19. Spark plugs, 20. Distributor (ignition distributor, 21. Oil pressure sensor, 22. Temperature sensor, 23. Carrying socket, 24. Ignition coil, 25. Brake fluid level sensor, 26. Relay for turning on wipers and headlight washer, 27. Rear window heating relay, 28. High beam relay, 29. Low beam relay, 30. Ignition relay, 31. Starter relay, 32. Differential lock lamp switch, 33. Exterior lighting switch , 34. Cigarette lighter VAZ-2121, 35. Brake light switch, 36. Reverse light switch, 37. Turn signal and car alarm relay breaker, 38. Main fuse block, 39. Additional fuse block, 40. Backlight lamp heater levers, 41. Rear fog lamp switch, 42. Rear window heating switch, 43. Heater motor switch, 44. Rear window wiper and washer switch, 45. Hazard warning switch, 46. Ignition switch, 47. Air control lamp carburetor flap, 48. Instrument lighting control, 49. Steering column lever switch, 50. Carburetor flap warning lamp switch, 51. Rear window washer motor, 52. Door lamp switch, 53. Interior lamps, 54. VAZ-2121 instrument cluster, 55. License plate lights.

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Brake light switch. At this moment, the holes fall under vacuum; fuel from the float chamber through jet 26 rises up the tube, air is mixed from air jet 14, and the emulsion flows through the emulsion channel through the outlet holes under the throttle valve.

Below is a diagram of the VAZ You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The transition system of the second chamber ensures a smooth transition of engine operation at the moment the throttle valve of the second chamber begins to open.

When the generator is running, the battery is charged. Glove box light switch.

Only the main dosing system of the first chamber operates in throttling mode. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent.

The starting device ensures the preparation of a rich combustible mixture when starting a cold engine. Scheme of operation of the starting device. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website.

Limit switch Electromagnetic. VAZ is the same carburetor with a similar engine size. If it is a carburetor, then the electrical wiring will have certain differences. Air damper drive rod.

Circuit breakers

Through the main fuel jets 36 and 28, fuel enters the emulsion wells. Similar wires are insufficient wiring of the elk, which did not equip the circuit to realize its endless potential. Consciously: in Russia and the leading CIS countries it was not officially applied with a diesel snare. VAZ is the same carburetor with a similar engine size. When the throttle valve is opened sharply, the cam presses the lever 40 and, through a spring in the pusher, acts on the diaphragm 39, overcoming the resistance of the return spring.

Adjusting screw 1 allows you to adjust the amount of opening of the damper. A 30 A fuse protects the power supply circuit of the electric radiator fans, and three 15 A fuses protect the electric fuel pump, the control unit, the constant power input and the injection system main relay circuit, respectively, see Ignition coil. VAZ is the same carburetor with a similar engine size. Excitation of the Niva generator The simplest and most reliable circuit for supplying voltage to the excitation windings of the generator

Ignition system

The operation of the internal combustion engine installed on the VAZ 2121 car is based on a classic scheme, a video of which is shown in driving courses:

1. The generator produces electric current;
2. The ignition coil increases its power;
3. The ignition distributor supplies electrical impulses to the spark plugs when the piston reaches TDC;
4. The spark plugs ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders.

The photo shows the following components:

1. From pos. 3 to 12 – ignition coil and its structure;
2. From pos. 13 to 20 – spark plug;
3. From pos. 21 to 42 – ignition distributor (distributor).

For reference: The distributor slider, which is responsible for closing the contacts with the high-voltage wires going to the spark plugs of each cylinder, is shown separately. In the diagram presented, it is indicated by pos. 41-45.

Engine modernization

The all-wheel drive transmission of the VAZ 2121, in addition to significant advantages, also had domestic disadvantages. In particular:

1. Fuel consumption was quite high compared to passenger cars (13.4 liters per 100 km in urban conditions and off-road);
2. This was reflected in operating costs - the price of 1 km was much more expensive for the owners. And the power of the existing engine was insufficient for harsh off-road conditions.

For reference: the automaker, by modernizing the existing engine, increased its technical parameters. In particular, the volume increased from 1480 cubic meters. cm up to 1680 cc see Cars with such a power unit received the factory index VAZ 21214.

An increase in engine displacement and the use of a non-contact ignition system led to the need to modernize the electrical circuit in the engine compartment. Replacing the VAZ 2121 wiring solved this problem completely.

Ignition system modernization

Since the high-voltage coil is traditionally responsible for the sparking power, the automaker has made changes to its operation. In particular, the wiring on the VAZ 2121 was supplemented with a harness that connected the switch and other components of the ignition system.

This factory manual contains:

1. Ignition switch acting as an electrical circuit switch with pins 30/1 and 15;
2. Ignition relay with pins 85,86,30 and 87;
3. Switch with 6-pin terminal block;
4. Upgraded ignition coil with terminals “B” and “K”;
5. Distributor (ignition distributor);
6. Candles.

Nuances of moving a generator

The disadvantage of domestic Niva SUVs is the location of the generator unit - at the bottom of the engine compartment. It constantly gets contaminated when driving off-road, and coolant constantly drips. The problem is solved by moving the generator upstairs (the author of the video is SARTANETS).

To transfer, you will need a set of keys, a bracket, mounting bolts, and a V-belt. You can make a generator transfer bracket with your own hands according to the drawing below.

Drawing of a homemade bracket

Sequence of actions during transfer:

1. We dismantle the propeller, pump and remove the belt.
2. By unscrewing the standard bracket, you can remove the generator.
3. We cut off the bead around the side of the cylinder head and on the cylinder block.
4. Then you should unscrew the two bolts and two studs.
5. Next, the assembly is installed on a new bracket and final assembly is performed.

1. Schematic illustration of unscrewing the fastening material

2. Car with the belt removed

3. The unit is in a new location
Thus, moving the generator unit upstairs is not difficult.

Dashboard

For subsequent modifications of the VAZ 2121, the instrument panel was thoroughly redesigned. In particular, the design and location of the warning lamps have changed, and new scales have appeared on the instrument panel indicators.

Conclusions: the owners of the VAZ 2121 car often serviced it themselves. And servicing electrical systems is impossible without original circuit diagrams. This was especially true for modernized versions, where changes were made to the operation scheme of components and assemblies.

Warning lamp

Why can this light be on while charging is in progress? In the VAZ 21213 there is only one reason - voltage is not supplied from the additional diodes to the control unit. This may be due to a broken wire running from the 61st terminal of the generator to the 6th terminal of the instrument combination assembly or contamination of the connecting blocks. We inspect the connections, ring the wire.

In VAZ 2121 there are not much more reasons:

• the warning lamp relay is faulty;
• voltage (negative) is not supplied from the generator to the control relay.

We remove the relay, apply 12 V to its winding from the battery and check whether it works and whether the contacts are disconnected. Well, problems with the absence of negative voltage are still the same broken wire going from the generator to the relay, or poor contact in the blocks of this circuit. We call and clean the terminals.

Expert opinion

Alexey Bartosh

Specialist in repair and maintenance of electrical equipment and industrial electronics.

Ask a Question

Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that the above malfunctions relate to the control unit and do not in any way affect the normal charging of the battery.