Generator VAZ 2112: characteristics, repair and replacement

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The service life of a generator varies greatly and depends on the quality of its workmanship. For example, a standard generator can last 140 thousand km, which is almost 10 years of operation.

Which generator is better to choose? First, decide on the manufacturer. It is much easier to find spare parts for Russian generators, while for unpopular generators it is almost impossible to find a replacement for a broken part. Decide on the current strength. From the factory, the tens generator has a current strength of 80A, this is quite enough even if there are additional current consumers. If the generator is missing, then first try to inspect it and clean the contacts. Powerful 120A generators are installed, as a rule, when the car has “strong” acoustics; they do not harm the battery. Anyone who wants to install a 3-level voltage regulator (VR) in the future is recommended to first determine on the manufacturer’s website which generators it is structurally compatible with. They say that generators with the numbers -03- at the end of the model number have a new model LV, which is better than the old one. Also, pay attention to the presence of a guarantee, then you can easily exchange the generator for a new one in case of a defect. By the way, the defect rate of generators is almost 25-50%!

How does he work

First, let's figure out how this device functions. His work scheme is as follows:

• The key is inserted into the ignition switch;
• The current goes to the excitation wires;
• The magnetic field created by the armature passes through the stator windings, and voltage appears at its terminals;
• When the armature rotation frequency becomes high enough, the self-excitation mode begins;
• The rectifier unit provided by the car design converts alternating current into direct current;
• The voltage regulator starts working when the crankshaft rotation speed changes, and the time for which the excitation wire is activated is adjusted.

The presented video will allow you to clearly get acquainted with the principle of operation of the generator.

Functions

Beginners are very interested in the most important question, without which there is no point in trying to fix something on their own - what is the generator used for.

First of all, the generator’s task is to provide energy to all electrically dependent equipment.

The mistake many people make is that the equipment is powered by a battery. The battery is needed to maintain the functionality of the devices when the engine is turned off. It powers the audio system, alarm system, etc.

When the engine is started with the help of the battery, all the reins of power pass to the generator. He is now responsible for the operation of the audio system, air conditioning, power windows, etc.

The second, but no less important task of the battery is to recharge the battery. This happens when the engine is running. If it were not for the generator, the battery would not be able to provide power to all consumers for a long time; it would have to be charged regularly in the garage.

Scheme

Types of generators

There are different types of generators for VAZ cars depending on their design. The most common generators are compact in size - 94.3701 and others.

Owners of Russian-made cars install brushless inductor-type generators. For example, devices modification 955.3701. Such generators differ from traditional equipment by the presence of permanent magnets on the rotor and field windings on the stator. Thanks to this, the design of the generator set does not contain slip rings and an alkaline unit, which is one of the most vulnerable and poorly protected.

Interchangeability of autogenerators

Interchangeability of generators for Lada cars is achieved if the following requirements are met:

• the main technical characteristics of the installed generator are not lower than those of the device being replaced;
• the gear ratio from the internal combustion engine to the generator is the same;
• the devices have similar electrical circuits;
• The new generator is suitable in terms of weight and dimensions and type of fasteners.

Most Russian-made automobile generators have a 2-leg mount. These fasteners are found on both covers. For equipment of foreign brands, installation is carried out using 1 paw, the fasteners are located on the front cover.

In order to correctly install and securely fasten a foreign generator in a car from AvtoVAZ, it is necessary to replace the bracket.

About the current-speed characteristic

TLC is the dependence of the current supplied by a car generator to the on-board network on the rotor speed at a constant voltage. This parameter is calculated when the device is operated together with a charged and serviceable battery with a rated capacity of at least 50% of the rated current of the generator. The characteristic is calculated in the heated and cold states of the equipment.

Main consumer characteristics

1. Maximum current.
2. The magnitude of the operating voltage.
3. Rated power.
4. Gear ratio.
5. Efficiency
6. Dimensions and weight.

The main operating parameters, type and brand are usually indicated on the device label.

Criteria for choosing car generators

1. Maximum power . Power is one of the main characteristics of VAZ generators. It must ensure an uninterrupted supply of current and supply electricity to the battery, which is discharged due to the operation of regular electricity consumers at low speeds of the power unit. To perform basic tasks, the device must have the required power. The required indicator is indicated in the vehicle operating instructions.
2. Current strength . The factory generator installed in the car is not designed for a large number of additional consumers, but at the same time it has a certain reserve. If the autogenerator is “not enough,” then before purchasing a new device, first inspect the old equipment, clean the contacts, check the bearings, etc. You shouldn't use 120A generators in every car. First of all, it's expensive. Secondly, the current may be excessive. Such power-generating devices are installed in tuned cars with a powerful acoustic system.
3. Dimensions . Before purchasing, it is also worth comparing generators by overall dimensions. The device must be compact with high technical characteristics.
4. Noise level . The generator should not make too much noise during operation. This “disease” often affects high-power generators that are sold at a low price. One of the main reasons for the appearance of extraneous sounds (hum) is the poor quality of bearings, which wear out quickly.
5. Availability of guarantee . If there is a warranty, you can exchange a faulty device for a new one if it is defective.

Replacing the diode bridge, relay-regulator, brushes

External signs of a defect in the diode bridge are rapid discharge of the battery, strong heating of the generator housing.

Symptoms of voltage regulator failure are described above. On the VAZ 2112 generator, the regulator and brush assembly are structurally combined.

Fixing the breakdown will not be difficult. Remove the device to a workbench. The electronics are hidden under a plastic cover. Carefully disassemble the rear part with a screwdriver and wrenches. Defective elements are replaced. The main requirement is extreme care.

Which generators are better to put on a VAZ?

Below are recommendations for different models of domestically produced cars.

VAZ - 2106

G-222 is a more powerful and stable self-generator compared to the standard G-221. It has a built-in battery charging relay and increased output (50 A versus 42 A), suitable for the “six”, provided that brushes from the G-221 are used or the connection diagram is changed.

VAZ - 2107

The simplest option for modernizing the electrical network is the G-222 device. The generator is installed in the VAZ-2107 without additional problems. This car will fit a device with a current of 55A from model 2108. The only modification that will be needed during installation is the use of an additional power relay.

VAZ - 2110

The standard generator of the VAZ-2110 is KZATE with a current of 80 A. It has a factory index of 5102.3771. Estimated mileage is 140,000 km. As alternative options, it is worth considering devices 94.3701 and 120 A. It is better to install the second generator on a VAZ 2110 with an injection engine in cars with a large amount of additional equipment, in addition to a DVR and a powerful sound system.

VAZ - 2112 and 2114

It is better to install a generator from Priora or Kalina with air conditioning in VAZ-2112 and VAZ-2114 cars. This device produces a power of 115 A, which is 35 A more than the factory equipment. The only difficulty that the owner of 2114 will encounter during installation is the need to replace the pulley.

As an alternative, you can consider an Eldix brand autogenerator with a capacity of 115 A. However, it is difficult to find spare parts for it, which will cause certain difficulties even with minor breakdowns.

Cars with injection engines are equipped with generators with an output of 80A. This is the standard model 94.3701. To increase power, consider the option with KZATE 9402.3701 90A, which is suitable for the type of fastener and has a similar pulley. If necessary, ensure the operation of a large number of energy-consuming devices.

Priora

Video: GENERATOR FROM PRIORA FOR VAZ 2112.

A Russian or foreign-made generator can be installed in a Lada Priora car. One of the best options in terms of operational reliability is Bosch at 110 A. As a domestic analogue, you can consider KZATE 9402.3701-14 at 115 A.

For most cars from the Volzhsky plant, it is better to use Russian generator sets. Among the main advantages of domestic products, we note low cost, ease of maintenance and repair, and a large number of spare parts in stores. A better alternative is equipment from the German brand Bosch. It is better to avoid buying cheap Chinese electric generators.

Source

Possible malfunctions and their diagnosis

Generating equipment is exposed to a variety of adverse effects during operation.

The main negative factors causing generator failure:

• aggressive liquids, dirt, condensation;
• temperature changes, overheating,
• mechanical wear;
• transient processes in on-board wires, contributing to electrical breakdown;
• ugly, ill-conceived exploitation.

Some faults can only be fixed by a professional auto electrician. Most breakdowns are discovered on their own and repaired by an ordinary car owner with the correct hand anatomy.

External signs that draw the motorist's attention to unstable operation of the generator.

1. After starting the engine, unpleasant noises of various nature are heard in the engine compartment, and the smell of burnt rubber is felt.
2. The instrument panel shows that the battery is discharged and is not charging well.
3. There are difficulties starting the engine, the battery has been checked and charged.
4. The light bulbs burn at full intensity, flicker, and change brightness depending on the crankshaft speed. The lighting of the panel and interior is dim.
5. An external inspection reveals mechanical damage to the housing and generator elements.

Possible breakdowns

1. insulation destruction, short circuit, winding wire breakage;
2. overheating, belt rupture;
3. leakage of lubricant, knocking, destruction, jamming of ball bearings;
4. malfunction of electronic parts of the rectifier circuit, regulator.

Troubleshooting Methods

Two diagnostic methods are usually used:

1. Visual control.
2. Metrological testing.

The first option allows you to identify contamination, traces of mechanical and chemical influence. Exceeding the temperature regime is determined by physical contact. After turning off the ignition, you need to lift the hood and slowly move your hand towards the generator. The increased temperature will be felt at a minimum distance, before touching.

To implement the second activity, you need to equip yourself with a measuring device and acquire basic skills in measuring resistance, voltage, and current.

Checking the VAZ 2112 generator with a multimeter

A classic pointer tester, a modern electronic multimeter with a liquid crystal screen, is suitable as a testing device. Set the switch to the “DC voltage measurement” position, limit 0-30V.

1. First step. The ignition is turned off. Battery voltage measurement. The norm is 12.5-12.7V.
2. Second step. The engine is running at idle speed. Consumers are disabled. The measurement shows 13.8-14.5V.
3. Third step. Turn on the lights and music. Normal range is 13.7-14V. Pressing the gas pedal does not raise the voltage by 0.5V. A value exceeding 15V indicates a regulator failure. A faulty generator will not produce more than 13V.

Checking the diode bridge

The tester is in the “resistance measurement” position. The straightener consists of two parts. One clip contains three diodes with anode contacts on the body. The other is with cathode ones. The whole valve in the forward direction will show 0 ohms. The reverse resistance is 600 kOhm. An infinite value means a break; a zero value means the diode is broken.

Winding measurement

To check the field windings, you need to touch the slip rings with the probes of the device. The working value is from 1.8ohm to 5ohm. Readings outside the specified numbers indicate a malfunction.

The stator windings are checked in two modes - among themselves, for ground. In the first case, a value of several ohms is accepted as correct. In the second option, an infinitely large reading satisfies.

The following are practical tips for troubleshooting the most common generator equipment problems.