Gear shift mechanism GAZ-53 and GAZ-3307: correct choice of speed

The GAZ-53 medium-duty truck and its successor, the GAZ-3307, are built on the basis of a simple design, and therefore reliable and durable transmission. It consists of a clutch, a manual gearbox, a cardan drive and a rear drive axle. In general, the design is standard for rear-wheel drive trucks without unnecessary details.

On the GAZ-53 and GAZ-3307 of various modifications, two types of gearboxes were and are installed - 4-speed and 5-speed. All GAZ-53s were equipped with a 4-speed gearbox, and most GAZ-3307s are also equipped with them. New 5-speed gearboxes were first installed on the latest modifications of the GAZ-53-12; now they are installed both on the GAZ-3307 and on other cars of this family - GAZ-3308/33081, GAZ-3309 and their numerous modifications.

Both gearboxes have a similar design - they are three-shaft, three-way gearboxes with manual control using a rocker lever. In a 4-speed gearbox, the 3rd and 4th gears are engaged using an inertial synchronizer, and the 2nd, 3rd and reverse gears are engaged using a non-synchronized movable carriage gear. In a 5-speed gearbox, 2nd and 3rd, 4th and 5th gears are synchronized, and 1st and reverse gears are engaged without a synchronizer.

Both types of gearboxes have a vertical shaft arrangement - the intermediate shaft (or gear block) is located under the coaxial primary and secondary shafts. The shafts are located in the crankcase and are closed with a cover that houses the gear selection (switching) mechanism. These box mechanisms have a fundamentally identical structure and operating principle; we will tell you about them in more detail.

Why is it better to buy a gearbox for GAZ 53, 3307 from us?

The Avtohis online store sells original components and mechanisms for cars of the GAZ family. The advantages of cooperation with us include:

• high quality of products, confirmed by an official guarantee for all products sold (warranty obligations come into force from the moment the components are installed on the machine);
• a wide selection of spare parts for all models of GAZ cars and other domestic brands;
• reasonable pricing policy achieved through direct contracts with manufacturers of spare parts.

If you are planning to buy an original gearbox for a GAZ 3307 or GAZ-53 on favorable terms, please contact our online store.

Gearbox GAZ 53, 3307

Along with the engine, the gearbox is one of the most important components responsible for the movement of the car. Its task is to transmit torque from the engine to the chassis at a given speed.

A malfunctioning gearbox is a serious problem for the driver. At best, this will not allow you to move at the optimal speed; at worst, the car will remain in place. Therefore, if signs of problems appear, it is necessary to urgently carry out diagnostics and, if repair and replacement of individual parts is impossible, purchase and install a new gearbox.

What cars was the power unit installed on?

Motors were installed on cars from the Gas company (Gorky Automobile Plant). These were trucks that were equipped with tanks for various liquids. The engine was installed on vacuum trucks, van trucks, and fire trucks. Some UAZ models are also equipped with ZMZ 53 engines.

Similar article Technical characteristics of the 3S GE BEAMS engine

The cars were made with absolutely no comfort for the driver and passenger. The seats were made hard and power steering was not installed. Cabins in old cars are not heated in winter.

Recently, many car enthusiasts have been trying to modernize not only the engine, but also the car. I must say that they achieve a good effect.

But, despite the advantages of the engines of that time, they also had disadvantages. I'll tell you about them in the next block.

Why does gearbox oil lose its properties?

The need to change the oil arises due to the fact that the additives added have a certain service life. After this time, they quickly lose their original properties. In this regard, additives no longer provide high-quality lubrication, as well as protection against premature wear of all rubbing surfaces.

When the oil foams and loses the necessary viscosity, the main gear may fail. Because of this, an unpleasant hum will first appear in the gearbox, then after about 300 - 500 km the gears will begin to fall apart. Next, naturally, will be a “wedge” checkpoint. Most often this happens to those cars that operate on front-wheel drive.

VAZ gearbox humming - service or self-treatment?

Why does the VAZ gearbox hum after a mileage of 70–100,000 km? First of all, this is due to the fact that some of the parts have already completely exhausted their service life. For example, the release bearing must be completely replaced. In addition, a hum in a VAZ gearbox may have the following causes:

• The box was operated with gross violations;
• During the next shift, low-quality gear oil or counterfeit oil was poured in, which did not meet the established standards and was not included in the list by the manufacturer;
• During minor repairs of the gearbox, low-quality components were used;
• Technical work or scheduled maintenance was carried out by unqualified personnel or independently, taking into account gross violations.

First of all, high-quality diagnostics will help eliminate all the above reasons and get rid of extraneous gearbox noise. Only she will be able to reveal the truth, find the faulty part, and allow for a truly complete repair.

Design and operation of the gear selection (switching) mechanism

The basis of this gearbox assembly is made up of three horizontal rods that can move axially forward and backward. A fork is rigidly installed on each rod (using pinned bolts), which covers the synchronizer clutch or gear-carriage, ensuring its movement. Also on the rods (in a 4-speed gearbox - approximately in their middle part, in a 5-speed gearbox - in the front part) shift heads with grooves for the lever head are rigidly installed.

Each rod has a lock (located in the front part), which ensures that the gear is retained. The retainer consists of a ball, which, under the action of a spring, rests against a recess on the rod, preventing its axial displacement without applying force to the lever. In total, each rod has three grooves, so it can occupy three positions - forward, neutral (middle) and rear. In 4-speed box, the reverse gear shift rod has two recesses. The clamps are located above the rods in special wells in the gearbox cover.

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Comments 27

I usually flush the system with this oil. During operation on cars, and the Gazelle stopped at the Avangard, I will also pour it into the GAZon - it washes well, lubricates well, no signs of turning into fuel oil were found.

Was it dirty, has it become cleaner, or does it leave nothing behind?

It washes when the dirt is not on the walls in the form of deposits, but in the pan in the oil.

So the oil poured in front of the vanguard, say, under the valve cover, left traces of its presence and Lukoil corrected it? The opinion that if the oil quickly turns black means it washes is not entirely correct, a shaky engine can itself quickly dirty the oil

No not like this. Wash the engine, for example during disassembly or partial disassembly. Then fill it with fresh oil and drive away. After some time, we open the valve cover, for example (before the first replacement or after a couple of replacements) and look at the walls, they should not be covered in deposits. If the oil has not darkened after changing and running 5-6 thousand, I think it’s not oil, but bullshit. Because the design of the internal combustion engine is such that wear of the mechanical parts is always present. The oil flows into the pan and should wash away these wear products. Whatever the filter, it cannot, with the wave of a magic wand, lift everything from the pan and filter it. At its core, the sump is a sump. Clean oil with high mileage is a reason to think about the quality of the oil.

Yes, the oil is rubbish, I also pour myself LUKOIL Avant-Garde, both in KAMAZ and in Zila

I won’t argue, I filled it up for a temporary period so as not to drive on last year’s car while I’m working on the car, driving according to my needs, the mileage is insignificant without winter, I’ll eliminate the snotty, I’ll fill it with decent oil

But don’t you want to get rid of the centrifuge? on new tractors and machines there is a screw-on filter, you change the oil, unscrew it and install a new one, you just need to buy an oil filter housing and install it instead of a centrifuge and that’s all, well, that’s just advice))

We’re sitting at the table, everyone has already given in, and then one guy wants to clink glasses with another guy sitting on the other side, they grab a shot glass from the middle of the table, clink it with the one further away and return it, a friend next to him has five-ruble eyes rolling out with the words “why was that possible?” It is necessary to study the question of the feasibility of finding out what cleans better; from a financial point of view, a centrifuge is of course more economical

Reviews

Georgy, Petrozavodsk. It doesn’t matter at all how old this workhorse is. Simplicity, reliability, cross-country ability and ease of maintenance - these are the main advantages of the GAZ-53, which are necessary in work. The disadvantages include gluttony, lack of comfort and a stiff suspension, but with adequate maintenance the GAZ-53 will still serve me. I work on it in the countryside, and that’s where this bucket belongs.

Nikolai. In the late 80s I had the opportunity to work in a cooperative on a GAZ-53. Mostly positive memories remained from it, despite the cramped and spartan two-seater cabin, with poor visibility and mediocre ergonomics. Shaky suspension, fuel consumption of 25 liters, low-quality metal - in general, you can list as many as you like. However, in rural areas, the GAZ-53 seemed to be rehabilitated due to its high cross-country ability. And now it can be recommended for a start-up business or just lovers of the domestic automobile industry. In caring hands it will last as long as necessary.

Source

Modifications

The variety of modifications of the GAZ-53 engine does not differ; the basis is the ZMZ-53 with some improvement in operating life and service. Some types of engine modifications can be distinguished:

Required Engine Maintenance

GAZ-53 engines have good endurance and a long service life. To extend its service life, it is recommended to carry out its maintenance. Timely measures will save money and time.

• Regular change of engine oil - every 6 thousand km traveled. The most suitable oil would be mineral-based or semi-synthetic.
• Periodically (every 1–2 thousand km) the cylinder head is tightened, as well as the spider intake manifold is attached.
• Adjust the valves after replacing the cylinder head gaskets or when tapping.
• When changing cylinder head gaskets or performing scheduled engine repairs, you should immediately tighten the bolts and belts on a cooled GAZ-53 engine. During the period outside of repairs, the condition of the belts is checked after 30 thousand km.
• In the summer, check daily that there is enough coolant in the system, as well as water, to avoid engine overheating.
• Monitor the oil level and the serviceability of the sensors on the dashboard. This should be done by the owners of Volga and UAZ. If there is insufficient oil in the GAZ-53 engine, top it up to avoid repairs.
• External inspection for oil leaks, which is the main possible engine breakdown.

All breakdowns should be repaired immediately as they occur. Disassembly of the GAZ-53 engine is carried out with special tools and experienced employees in the workshop.

Homemade options for using the internal combustion engine ZMZ 53

Due to the unpretentiousness of engines of the ZMZ 53 series, their availability and relatively low cost, many “homemade” ones often try to “introduce” internal combustion engines into other brands of cars. For example, similar units have already been installed on Gazelle.

Despite the rather impressive dimensions, the “Gazonov” engines have a relatively light weight (230-270 kg), and the engine still fits under the Gazelle’s hood without loading the car very much. These engines are also installed in UAZ vehicles with appropriate modifications (the radiator is changed, the internal combustion engine mounts are reworked, etc.)

An example of a homemade tractor using a ZMZ 53 engine