How to make rims from tires with your own hands: low-pressure tires from truck wheels for an all-terrain vehicle, UAZ, Niva, Karakata

Design options

Since in our case we are interested in the process of making all-terrain tires with our own hands, we will not dwell on factory design options. Types of low-pressure tires that are available for self-production:

• a tube made from a tire of the required size is used as a base. In this case, you can completely make the disk yourself or retrofit the finished wheel with the necessary stops and fasteners. Since the chamber is very elastic, it needs additional support, which will prevent it from breaking under lateral loads. Along the perimeter of the contact patch, the camera is tied with pieces of dense material or chains, which is necessary not only for attaching the camera to the disk, but also to create the effect of lugs. The ability to cling is important not only on sand, loose soil or snow, but also on water;
• Low pressure hydrators. Truck tires are used as a base, from which part of the tread and profile layer is cut off. As a result, the tire becomes lighter and acquires additional elasticity. To reduce the risk of disassembling the wheels when driving at low pressure, as in the previous case, it is necessary to make an additional side stop. We'll look at how to make the pads, as well as the design of the disc, in the photos and videos below.

Cost of ready-made

There are several manufacturers that produce low-pressure car tires. Let's look at how much these wheels cost:

1. . It produces both all-terrain vehicles, swamp vehicles, and wheels for them. Under the influence of an obstacle, the rubber deforms on its own, which ensures high cross-country ability of the vehicle. The price of models 1300x600-533 is 21 thousand rubles, 1350x700-533 - 23 thousand rubles.
2. "Belshina". This Belarusian manufacturer strictly adheres to existing standards, and its products have a good price-quality ratio. The cost is 20-25 thousand rubles.
3. "Arctictrans". The company produces swamp vehicles, snowmobiles, etc., and also installs standard low-pressure tires on them. The price of the model 1300x530-533 BK is 20 thousand rubles, 900x500-16 -16 thousand rubles.
4. "Avtoros". Although this is a young company, it quickly took a leading position among manufacturers of such tires. They are characterized by high quality, reliable fixation on the disc and the ability to continue movement in the absence of pressure. The cost of tires 660/60-21 LT is 23 thousand rubles, 500/60x18 LT is 21 thousand rubles.
5. "Vector 4X4". It produces all-terrain vehicles based on Mitsubishi, Toyota, Niva, UAZ, GAZ, etc. It produces wheels on which wheels from other manufacturers can be installed. The price of tires 635-250-R12 is 8-10 thousand rubles.

Table: general characteristics of factory low-pressure tires

Manufacturing the disk and assembling the structure

For the base of the frame, a ready-made structure is most often taken. As a rule, it is cut lengthwise and an additional metal insert is inserted for expansion or a rigid structure is created by welding a series of pins (or rods).

The wheel is mounted using belts wrapped in rubber rings and a disk. A fire hose, a thin belt from an industrial conveyor, and tarpaulin strips are used as auxiliary means.

Sometimes aluminum is cut into strips. Each of them is secured with bolted connections or rivets. Installation begins on one side of the disc, then goes around the rubber and ends at the other base. The minimum number of tapes is 12.

How to strip tires for an all-terrain vehicle| instructions - homemade friend

Dear visitors to the “Self-Made Friend” website, today we will walk you through step by step how to strip tires for an all-terrain vehicle. The guys mostly call them obodryshi, pneumatics, low-pressure tires.. Donors for the production of lightweight tires for homemade all-terrain vehicles are mainly used tires from Domestic tractors and trucks, as practice has shown, the best ones are from KRAZ and KAMAZ, tractor T-150. The weight of such tires in normal condition is very large for a small all-terrain vehicle, but if you peel off the top layer of rubber to the braided cord, the weight of the tire is significantly reduced to about 30 kg. Of course, the camera will add 4 kg, the disk 16 kg, in general, a fully equipped wheel will weigh no more than 50 kg, which is quite acceptable for a homemade all-terrain vehicle

Stripping tires is a rather serious and painstaking task; it must be treated with special responsibility and care, because one awkward movement with a knife or saw will send the workpiece to waste.

First you need to mark the wheel with white chalk, then use a utility knife to make cuts. Remove the metal part of the cord at the base using pliers and an electric winch, and then rip off the rubber itself, see how this is done below..

Tools

1. electric winch
2. cable
3. ticks
4. stationery knife
5. sharpener
6. chainsaw
7. scrap
8. installation

Materials

1. tire from a tractor or truck

Step-by-step instructions for stripping tires for an all-terrain vehicle with your own hands.

And so, the first thing you should do is prepare the site where you will work, namely, you need to firmly and securely fasten the electric winch to the floor or wall. During stripping, the wheel must also be fixed; this is done using a crowbar and a hole in the concrete floor, where the crowbar is inserted and holds the tire in place. You will also need pliers and a stationery knife and replacement blades for it. Cutting tool and pliers. Then you need to prepare the tire, first inspecting it for cuts and cracks, and using a wire brush to remove any stones stuck between the treads. Apply markings using chalk. After which you can start using a stationery knife. ATTENTION! We hold the knife at an angle so that the protector is shaped like a trapezoid. The cutting depth is strictly up to the beginning of the braided cord! Pay attention to the knife, the blade should be in this position. After which it is necessary to remove the wire from the base of the wheel, for which you should make a cut exactly in the center and so on around the entire circumference. We retreat from the edge about 1 cm, the mode is the same depth as the protector. To get to the wire, you need to make a window, we also cut it with a knife. We cut off the rubber and see this same wire. Next, you need to pry it off, take a screwdriver and start pulling it out little by little. We pass the baton to the assembly line and trim the rubber with a knife. After a more or less acceptable loop has been pulled out, we hook the hook of the cable from the electric winch, and lock the wheel itself with a crowbar so that the tire is motionless. We tear out the wire using a winch, calmly and slowly, cutting the rubber as we go so that the wire comes out well . Then you should make an incision just above the seat. The pliers are inserted into the incision site and clamped. And also, using a winch, we rip off the ring. Then again, using a stationery knife, we begin to cut the side of the tire along the pre-marked lines. We hook the pliers to the edge and begin to tear it off using an electric winch. We cut along the edges with a knife, but be careful not to touch the cord, work with the knife from the bottom up. Next, we move on to the less labor-intensive work of cutting the tread; this is done mainly with the help of gas or electric saws. These are the kind of encouragement you should end up with. Thank you very much for your attention, we hope this material will help you. If you have experience in this matter, please share with us (comment form below)

Let's make some refreshments

To make your own low-pressure tires you will need:

• used truck tires (for example, from Gaz-66 or VI-3 tires installed on Kraz 255). If you buy tires specifically for tires, then choose rubber that is not “chewed” inside. Otherwise, after removing the top layer, you will get a weak spot or even a hole that will have to be vulcanized;
• a construction knife and a set of replacement blades, since the construction of the tire uses fairly strong threads that quickly dull the blades;
• a template that can be made from thick cardboard or sheet steel. In order for the tires to be not only effective, but also to look good, the tread must be cut as evenly and symmetrically as possible. You will also need a chalk or marker with which you will outline the template;
• durable clamps. These are often used by straighteners to clamp body panels when restoring damaged cars. An ordinary clamp will do, but in this case you need to act more carefully;
• a manual or mechanical winch, as well as a cable that pulls the cut piece of the tread layer. You can use a manual gearbox or a winch mounted on a vehicle. You won’t be able to manually create force to make the rims, since the layers of rubber are very tightly bonded.

Self-production

To make rims, the first step is to pull out the side metal cord. To do this, make a cut, departing approximately 10 mm from the inside of the tire. Hook the cord with a screwdriver, and then, hooking it with a hook, pull out the metal rim using a winch.

Using a template, apply the future outline of the tread along the entire perimeter of the wheel. Some obradyshas can be seen with the protector left in the center. It is along the contour of the outline that it is necessary to make cuts in the rubber. For this, it is best to use a construction knife, as you can control the depth of the cut by setting the required blade length. If you are confident in your abilities, you can use a grinder. To avoid cutting through the tire, use the sound as a guide. As soon as you cut through the rubber layer and reach the metal cord of the tire, the sound will acquire the appropriate color.

Cut the tire profile along the inner perimeter (where the metal wire ring used to be). It is the cut section that must be grasped with the clamp. Use a winch to create tension, and then use a utility knife to gradually trim off the peeling piece. After stripping the entire tire, you will get strips. Please note that when tension is created, the tire will tend to lean in, so it is necessary to implement a stop.

When working, do not stand in the direction of the winch tension so that the hook does not break and cause injury to you. Of course, it is worth thinking about the safety of things located in the affected area.

Particular attention should be paid to this point if you do the lifting using a winch installed on the car. It is not necessary to create a lot of force for peeling. For extra safety, place an old jacket on the cable, which will serve as a kind of damper if the clamp does break.

Discs

The video clearly shows the process of making discs with your own hands. Since the tire becomes elastic after stripping, it is necessary to ensure good side support. To ensure that when the pressure decreases, the rims do not deflate and do not tend to be dismantled, a special sealant is used during installation. If all recommendations are followed, self-made low-pressure tires are practically not inferior to factory-made analogues.

Source autolirika.ru

Many residents have seen cars on the roads with huge wheels mounted on homemade rims for low-pressure tires. These discs are not available for sale. They are made only to order. Low pressure wheels are in demand among such categories of people as:

• military personnel of various branches;
• hunters and fishermen, especially in winter;
• farmers;
• geologists;
• travelers.

Image 1. Homemade wheels for low pressure tires.

How to make a disc for a refresher

Craftsmen who make all-terrain vehicles with their own hands are often interested in the question: is it possible, and if so, how to make the wheels themselves. An all-terrain vehicle is the kind of vehicle that will get stuck where others can’t get to, so the requirements for disks in this case are the most stringent. Disk requirements:

1. Discs must have high anti-corrosion characteristics. Since they are subject to harsh operating conditions, the material from which the disc is made should not become rusty or corroded, even after prolonged exposure to wet conditions.
2. Light weight. SUVs and all-terrain vehicles themselves are heavy, so you shouldn’t weigh down the car with too heavy rims.
3. Possibility of correction. Operating an all-terrain vehicle in difficult conditions can cause the rims to become bent, so good all-terrain vehicle rims should be repairable.
4. Good value for money. Cheap wheels break quickly, while forged ones are too expensive. Therefore, for each specific case there must be an individual approach.

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It is sometimes impossible to buy suitable wheels for all-terrain vehicles, so you should think about making them yourself.

Homemade all-terrain vehicle

When driving over rough terrain in a car with low-pressure motors, the car, in addition to high ground clearance, receives a sufficient contact patch when adhering to the ground. This occurs due to lower pressure in the rubber cavities. When traveling across an agricultural field, minimal soil compaction is carried out, which helps reduce yield loss.

According to approximate calculations, which are influenced by various external and structural factors, an increase in cross-country ability for vehicles with such wheels is provided by 30...40%.

This process cannot be done without lowering the tire pressure. When driving over an obstacle, the wheel practically envelops it with its surface. This ensures ease of travel. However, driving this vehicle requires certain skills in order not to damage these slopes. It is especially important to perform maneuvers, turns and turns correctly.

The most vulnerable in the design are the side surfaces. They are more exposed to operational impacts and can wear out faster.

How to make wheels for an all-terrain vehicle with your own hands

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The process of working on disks can be divided into stages. Stages of work:

1. The first step is to make locking rings. They can be made from the lining of a two-hundred-liter barrel. If you manage to find such a barrel with a metal rim, then you are in luck. If you could not find a rim from such a barrel, you can try to bend rings from the corners by 25 mm or from an iron strip of 2-3 mm.
2. We prepare the ring so that it fits tightly into the seat of the already stripped tire. Tight - this means so that it can be pounded inside with a hammer.
3. The next step is to measure the inner circumference of this ring. This can be done using a flat metal strip. A piece of such tape is cut and used as a template when making a barrel, adjusting it to the inner circumference.
4. When the locking rings are ready, you can begin making the barrel of discs itself. To do this you will need a solid sheet of iron.
5. Draw a scan with the following dimensions. It will be rectangular in shape, where the length is equal to the inner circumference of the locking ring, and the width is equal to the width of the disk.
6. Cut out the resulting rectangle.
7. We roll up a barrel from the resulting iron rectangle. Using a control tape, we once again check the outer circumference of the barrel, which will be slightly larger due to the thickness of the metal sheet.
8. At the next stage we need to cut off the excess. An error of no more than 1 mm is allowed.
9. We weld the seam on the barrel hermetically, after which it must be sanded to remove smudges. It is necessary to grind on both sides - both outside and inside.
10. In order to make a cone for the disk, we measure the internal circumference of the finished barrel. Next, we use the formula: outer radius of the cone “R” = “C” inner.b. / 2 pi = “C”int.b. / 6.28.
11. We weld the elements.

This way you will have a barrel for the disc.

How to make a cone for a disc with your own hands

To make a cone, you first need to calculate, draw and cut out its development. This can be done either from a whole piece of metal or from parts. Most often, the development is made of three parts, which are then welded into a single whole on a stencil.

Cutting a cone scan out of three parts has a great advantage - this method saves metal twice. First of all, we will select the desired cone angle. Experience shows that the most optimal option is an angle of 45 degrees.

You can make a more obtuse angle, up to 60-70 degrees, but this angle is suitable if you need to increase the offset of the disk. There are programs for calculating the cone, but you can do the calculation yourself using a simple calculator.

From the right triangle it is clear that ac = sv / sin “a”, while the outer radius of the sector is equal to the inner radius of the barrel R int.b. /sin "a"; the inner radius of the sector will be equal to the outer radius of the car disk / sin “a”; The sector angle is 360 x sin "a" degrees.

You don’t have to measure the angle, but set aside the inner circumference “C” on the outer radius of the sector. b. The sectors should be cut strictly along the radial line. Important: when working on disks, there is one problem - the weld may burst during operation. This problem can be solved by strengthening the weld using bolts and nuts.

When the disk is completely ready, a thin strip of 2mm steel can be welded to the barrel for reinforcement. It will prevent beading due to the breaking of holes in the barrel through which the locking ring is screwed. If the ring itself is made of aluminum, then in these places it is worth switching to steel. The disk should be painted before use. You can use powder coating for car rims from zahidcolor

And don't forget to check that the ball joint does not rest against the inner cone. This is a common problem when you want to make disks yourself. As a result, the disk has to be shifted to the edge of the barrel, and the inner cone turns out to be almost straight without tilting.

Chamber version

First of all, you need to select or grind your own discs that will fit the parameters of the hubs of your vehicle. What to do if you need to adjust the width of the disk to the camera:

To manufacture the type of low-pressure wheels we have chosen, metal rods will be required (the safe thickness depends on the size of the chamber, as well as the frequency of the jumpers). The side supports are welded to the base of the disk, and then transverse jumpers are attached to them, which will be the seat on the disk for the camera. For improved lateral support, the entire system is reinforced along the inner perimeter of the tire profile with a circular rod.

Some inventors use chains for jumpers that go around the contact patch. The solution is not bad, since it allows you to get additional snow, water and lugs. You can also use tow ropes, which, after tying, will cover the portion of the camera, preventing it from being damaged.

Most likely, it will be superfluous to remind you that all fasteners facing the camera should be fairly flat. Otherwise, when driving over uneven surfaces, there is a high probability of breaking through the camera.

#stereo ticket

The most common type is arch tires. The pressure in them can be no more than 0.05 MPa, and the width can be 4-5 times greater than a standard tire.

But the cost of a suitable kit is considerable, because it is often produced either in small quantities or by special order.

First of all, you need to select or grind your own discs that will fit the parameters of the hubs of your vehicle.

Now the discs are ready. Nothing particularly complicated, the type of disks is the same as on the previous all-terrain vehicle. Holes for the profile were cut into the disk, 2 different types of profiles were cut and welded together. Disc offset adjusted. The width of the barrel is 450 mm, the width is increased to 470 mm by locking rings, the weight of the disc is 29 kg. The tire sits on the rim at a pressure of 1.8 kg.

List of events

1. Preparation. For the stripping process of a future low-pressure tire, it must be cleaned, washed and dried. Then its surface is marked with a marker.

2. Cutting the outline. It is easier to cut the sidewall, so work begins from this place. Make a cut to the depth of the first layer of tire cord threads. The wire is cut through it using wire cutters. The metal fibers are pulled out one by one.

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According to the sketch, a wider cut is made, passing through the treadmill and sidewall. Using wire cutters, cut the surface and tear off part of the casing. If there is a winch, the cable tension is gradually increased until the goal is achieved - complete separation of the layered rubber element, called the fang.

The entire surface is treated in this way. Upon completion of the work, the tire must be carefully checked for cutting the base. If such an incident occurs, then time is wasted, and you need to get a new tire for work.

3. The structure is cleaned with emery cloth and lightly straightened with a hammer.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of low pressure tires:

• the cost of a homemade wheel is much less than a similar factory wheel;
• large contact area with the road;
• low specific pressure on the surface, allows you to increase the vehicle's cross-country ability;
• Due to the large diameter, ground clearance increases, which makes it easier to overcome obstacles.

Among their disadvantages it should be noted:

• due to the raising of the vehicle's center of gravity, its handling and stability deteriorate;
• to install such tires, you will have to make adjustments to the design of the car;
• increase the load on the car suspension;
• do not allow you to move at high speed;
• not intended for long-term driving on hard-surfaced roads (asphalt, concrete);
• wear out faster than standard tires.

Advantages and disadvantages

advantages over purchased wheels:

1. Price. All-terrain wheels are very expensive, which can’t be said about the wheels.
2. Such wheels have excellent adhesion to almost any surface, which significantly reduces the risk of accidents.
3. The husks weigh relatively little. An “unpumped” passenger car engine will be quite capable of cranking them.
4. Low surface pressure due to the large tire area. With encouragement, muddy terrain, quicksand and deep snow become quite passable obstacles. The tire pressure on the surface can be adjusted. They just need to be pumped up or lowered a little.
5. Tires with low pressure do not harm the surface soil layers in any way, so you can safely drive an all-terrain vehicle with tires across plowed fields or use it as a tractor in agriculture.

They are also not without some disadvantages:

1. You should try to ride less on hard asphalt and concrete surfaces. Otherwise they will have to be changed very soon.
2. A car on such wheels is not very stable. It’s better not to make sharp turns on it, and you shouldn’t drive it fast at all.
3. Wheels wear out much faster than normal ones.
4. Encouragement is a considerable burden. Transmission and suspension parts with such wheels will have to be changed and repaired more often.
5. Low pressure tires are very flexible. This increases their permeability. But due to their increased stretchability, tires get punctured more often than regular tires.
6. The car will have to be re-registered - “upgraded” to the status of an all-terrain vehicle.

What are buds and what are they for?

Tires (also known as low-pressure tires) are huge tractor, truck or helicopter tires that have been stripped of excess rubber.
Thanks to the large area of ​​​​such wheels and their low pressure on the surface, an ordinary passenger car equipped with them becomes a real SUV .

With encouragement, Niva and UAZ can overcome a wide variety of obstacles - fields, deserts, rocky and marshy soil.

It is difficult for hunters and simply those who like to ride in difficult terrain to do without wheels with low pressure.

Making such tires yourself is not a problem. For this, the most common tools like a knife or winch . It will still take a little skill.

Before you start creating low-pressure tires, you need to clearly understand what exactly they will be needed for , that is, in what conditions, where exactly they will be used.

If:

• primarily for driving on dirty, bumpy roads and rural roads - then you need to use a self-cleaning tread;
• If we go through swamps on tires, we will need to lower the tread grooves a little so that the grip becomes as good as possible;
• In snow drifts and sand, it is better to drive on tires on which the tread pattern elements are as close to each other as possible.

You need to think about the above in advance.

Ultra-low pressure tires - the car will go anywhere!

Cars on large wheels are increasingly appearing on domestic roads these days. They are used on huge low-pressure tires on both factory-made vehicles (for example, all-terrain vehicles) and homemade ones. In most cases, SNDs for them are manufactured to special order, which, naturally, requires significant financial costs.

If you wish, you can save money and try to make low-pressure tires with your own hands. We will talk about the process of making them yourself below, providing a video of this operation. Now let’s describe the main advantage of SND. It lies in the fact that the low specific pressure on the ground (road) of such SUV tires allows you to create real all-terrain vehicles from ordinary cars that are not afraid of driving over rough terrain.

Cars with ultra-low pressure tires can easily overcome any off-road conditions and swamps; they can be used on country roads and agricultural land.

It has been proven that the cross-country ability of vehicles equipped with low-pressure tires is 20–40 percent higher than the cross-country ability of similar cars with standard tires.

In addition, the described tires (both homemade and made in production conditions on a special order) are characterized by a high rate of contact with the road. Due to this, when the tire hits any obstacle on the ground, it takes on its shape - “envelops” it, thereby increasing the area of ​​contact of the low-pressure motor with the obstacle, which makes it possible to drive through it without difficulty.

Please note that cars with ultra-low pressure tires require special skills from the driver of the vehicle. Driving such a car is more difficult than a car with ordinary passenger tires. It is very important to corner as smoothly as possible to avoid damaging the sidewalls of the tires.

Homemade products and Syrians on unusual wheels

Examples of factory vehicles and products produced by folk craftsmen, in the design of which SND are used.

1. Industrial:
2. Amphibious all-terrain vehicle Tiger XBH 8X8.
3. SUV TRACK.
4. Homemade:
5. Lightweight 4WD car.
6. MVH all-terrain vehicle.

As you can see, snowmobiles, swamp vehicles, caracats and ATVs cannot do without SND, the special design of which allows you to easily move along swampy or snowy surfaces. ATVs and cross-country motorcycles also often have similar tires installed. Thanks to them, all-terrain vehicles can traverse rough terrain faster and more efficiently.

Also interesting: The owner revived the dead Lada 4×4 Urban engine by installing a turbine

Simple caracat 4x4 “logza”

This caracat was built for fishing and hunting trips, as well as for household needs, such as delivering firewood. The all-terrain vehicle is designed for two people, and can also carry cargo weighing up to 250 kilograms. To build the all-terrain vehicle, the author used the following parts: 1) engine from an IZH-Planet 5 motorcycle 2) axles from a Moskvich 412 car with a gear ratio of 4.22 3) SZD gearbox 4) Tubes and tires from T-150 5) wheels from GAZ-52 6) gearbox from UAZ 7) 20-tooth sprockets and others

chains with a pitch of 19 and 25.4, as well as a chain from an Izh motorcycle

Let us consider in more detail the main stages of building an all-terrain vehicle and the components of its structures.

A transfer case was made from a disabled person's gearbox.

The transition of the CV joint to the flange was made quite simply: a washer was machined, which was put on the cut shaft of the CV joint grenade, and then welded on both sides.

The wheels of the all-terrain vehicle are made of T 150 tubes measuring 530 by 610, and the tires from the same tractor were lightened. The discs were made on the basis of gas 52 discs and 12 inch pipes.

The tire was lightened, leaving 4 layers of main cord. The thickness of the tire along the treadmill and up to half of the sidewall became 6-7 mm. A thickening is left at the place where the belts are attached. The weight of the tire is 36-37 kilograms. the complete wheel itself, consisting of a tube, disk, flipper, and tire, weighs approximately 70 kilograms.

Below are photographs of tire stripping and tread cutting:

This tire was made of radial rubber, the only difference from bias tire is durability. The processing difficulty is approximately the same for both types of rubber. In the photographs of the wheels you can see the old flipper; in the new version it goes under the tire.

The steel beam was cut off along with part of the tire. The effort on the winch is not great. A winch is only needed to wrap the rubber 180 degrees, and then the author used a shoe knife and soapy water. With a time investment of 3-4 hours a day, the author made one tire in a week.

The straps that secure the tire to the rim were made from a drive belt. The thickness of one strap is 6-8mm, width 5-6 centimeters. The belts themselves are attached to M6 bolts. The camera replacement time is even faster than the Trekol wheel replacement time.

Over the long period of operation of the all-terrain vehicle, there were only two punctures in the tubes, both between the disk and the tire. The straps can withstand loads very well and do not break.

This is how the frame fracture unit on an all-terrain vehicle is made: Before the modernization, the caracat had a reverse transfer case, which was assembled from the body of an SZ motorized stroller and the insides of the SZ itself, as well as an Ant motor scooter.

Afterwards, a second box from the UAZ 469 was installed. Thanks to this modernization, the maximum speed of the all-terrain vehicle increased from 40 kilometers per hour to 60 kilometers per hour on a flat surface.

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A star from the rear wheel of the Izh-Planet Sport motorcycle is installed on the cardan shaft. It is clamped between the two flanges of the cardan and the axle shank with standard four bolts. The number of teeth on the sprocket is the same as on the standard one. The weak points of the transmission are the strong overhang of the wheel rim. Overloading an all-terrain vehicle also negatively affects the integrity of the axle shafts.

When paired with an additional gearbox, the engine power from the Izh is completely sufficient. Without the extra box, it would be quite difficult to transport heavy loads, especially in marshy areas. that is, without an additional gearbox, the author would not have been able to get out to pick berries, which naturally did not suit him and he installed a gearbox.

Other photos of all-terrain vehicle designs:

For the UAZ gearbox, two housings were machined for additional bearings and seals for the primary and secondary shafts. moreover, threads were cut on the primary and secondary shafts to secure the sprocket hubs. The hubs themselves were also made to match the stars. The advantage of such a design for the author is that spare parts for the UAZ are quite easy to find in his area and at a relatively cheap price.

The chain does not stretch from the box to the bridge; the Izhevsk chain is completely strong enough. The chains were used with a pitch of 19 and 25.4, although a motorcycle chain is of much higher quality than ordinary collective farm chains. In addition, the chain for the Izh motorcycle is sold in almost any specialized store. The gearbox is equipped with 20-tooth sprockets.

All-terrain vehicle skin work:

Machine test photos:

The all-terrain vehicle has several disadvantages. The author considers the most obvious thing to be the absence of downshifts. The second drawback is that the reliability of the axle shafts is not as strong as we would like, although if the load does not exceed 250 kilograms, the axle shafts can withstand them quite well. Otherwise, the all-terrain vehicle has proven its reliability and quality, and over many years of operation, the all-terrain vehicle’s transmission has not needed major repairs or modernization.

The author of the all-terrain vehicle: Victor with the nickname “logza” from the city of Shenkursk, Arkhangelsk region.

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Design Features

A tire with this design is similar to a pneumatic cushion. In the literature there is another name for such wheels - swamp vehicles. All tests and practical studies confirm the high efficiency of standard devices, both factory-made and self-made.

It is necessary to take into account the difference between low and ultra-low pressure tires. In the second case, the pressure gauge does not exceed a value of 0.3 MPa. The approximate value of contact between the wheel surface and the road is about 25%. This means that a quarter of the rubber area is constantly used, ensuring high performance. Various design features in the form of hooks or spikes help to enhance the meaning.

In addition to the ramps themselves, you will need rims for low-pressure tires, either made by yourself or purchased in advance. The main consumers of the products are hunters, fishermen, professional rescuers, extreme recreation enthusiasts, and the military.

In addition to the positive properties, you will need to take into account the negative aspects:

• vehicles with low-pressure tires have a high center of gravity, which must be taken into account when cornering;
• self-production will require spending certain financial resources and personal time;
• the design does not imply fast driving;
• It is advisable to undergo training and special instructions for driving vehicles with all-terrain wheels to avoid emergency situations;
• rubber wears out faster than when using other types of tires.

It is customary to distinguish two types of tires: tubed and tubeless. In the first case, the car is able to withstand heavy loads and has a long service life, unlike the tubeless version. In the second case, greater riding comfort and increased safety are provided.

Based on manufacturing features, the following differentiation is carried out:

• Wide-profile . The products are mounted on vehicles that have a high load capacity. The profile of this design has an oval shape, which ensures resistance to frontal rolling. The air pressure inside should be 1.5...2 times lower than standard.
• Arched . Tires are provided with increased rubber thickness (60...70 cm). In most cases, they are mounted on the drive axle to ensure better vehicle cross-country ability. The pressure is maintained within 0.05...0.07 MPa.
• Toroidal . The wheels are used both with tubes and in tubeless versions. They perform well when operating on rough terrain with sharply changing terrain.

It is advisable to install the same types of wheels on all axles to ensure better vehicle handling.

Types of low pressure tires - they are different!

Two types of ultra-low pressure “rubber” can be installed on all-terrain vehicles, agricultural machinery and other machines - without tubes and with a tube. Tubeless products are considered more comfortable and safe when riding; they have a relatively low weight.

According to the functional parameters and design features of the SND, which are equipped with all-terrain vehicles, there are:

• Wide-profile. They are approved for use at a variety of operating pressures. Such tires are usually installed on vehicles with a high load capacity, since wide-profile tires have unique frontal rolling resistance. Visually they have an oval profile.
• Arched. This rubber is 3–5 times wider than standard tires, its thickness is at the level of 50–70 cm. Arched SNDs are recommended for installation on drive wheels. All-terrain vehicles with such tires will overcome any off-road conditions (watch the video).
• Toroidal. They come in tubeless and tube versions, and are most in demand among drivers who want to make their car as passable as possible on rough terrain. The profile of toroid tires is average.

There are also so-called pneumatic rollers - tires with special lugs that act as a reliable stiffener and increase the vehicle’s performance when driving on unimproved roads.

Existing types

Low pressure wheels may vary depending on their specific purpose. Below are all types of these tires.

Arched

They are the most common and have a high profile height. They can be installed on the drive axle and significantly improve the vehicle's cross-country ability. The shape is arched, the main purpose is heavy roads (loose snow, swamps). They are mounted only on the rear axles of trucks and are used as seasonal tires.

What makes this tire different is its arched cross-section with variable curvature and low sides. The frame is made of durable polyamide cord, thick-layer, with low bending resistance. The magnitude of radial deformation of such rubber is two times higher than that of analogues. Arched tires are rarely equipped with lugs across the entire width of the profile. As a rule, a special belt of one or more hooks is located in the middle of the tread. This reduces tire wear when driving off-road. The advantages of this type of wheels are their large width and low pressure.

Important Characteristics and design of trucks assembled on the KamAZ-53228 chassis

Torroid

They come with or without a camera. Most often installed on sports cars. They are also used on a daily basis. The profile width is average.

Wide profile tires

Designed for heavy-duty vehicles, oval shape. The advantage is high rolling resistance. Installed on vehicles that have to travel on difficult roads. Among the features we can also highlight the low pressure on the soil, which improves the springiness and softness of the suspension even on uneven surfaces. That is why wide-profile tire varieties are popular in agriculture.

Pneumatic rollers

These are load-bearing tires that significantly improve cross-country ability. The most durable option among analogues, with a high service life. Pneumatic rollers are made of highly elastic rubber, are characterized by low load capacity and rapid wear on ordinary roads. But in terms of elasticity, they are four times superior to all types of off-road tires. The tread in such wheels is either completely absent or has a low lug height.

Feasibility of installation

Let's look at the features that make low pressure tires so effective:

You can regulate the specific pressure on the ground, and therefore the cross-country ability, by changing the internal pressure of the tire. The vehicle can actually be equipped with automatic tire inflation, after which the pressure can be changed from the passenger compartment.

The only noticeable drawback of low-pressure tires is their vulnerability to punctures by sharp objects. This disadvantage is due to the high elasticity of the rubber, which is an additional advantage when overcoming off-road conditions.

How to rip off the tires for an all-terrain vehicle yourself and how much does a set of rimmed wheels cost?

To improve cross-country ability, the all-terrain vehicle must be equipped with the correct tires. Not everyone can buy factory-made low-pressure tires in a store, because... its cost is high. The way out would be to peel off the tires for the all-terrain vehicle yourself. Although this work is labor-intensive, you can do everything yourself, and the costs will be minimal.

DIY low pressure tires

Like any wheel, a low-pressure pneumatic is structurally composed of a hub, a solid or split disk (or spokes) and a tire. Let's look at some types of homemade wheels and how to make them.

The simplest design is a pneumatic with two discs. According to pre-made calculations, the hub is machined (if it is a driving element, then with a seat for the axle; if the wheel is not a drive wheel, then a seat for bearings is made).

Example of fastening a low pressure wheel disc

After securing the disks to the hub, they should be connected to each other with metal strips curved along the diameter of the cross-section of the chamber. The number of such strips is usually made at least 12. Connecting strips are made of the same material as the disks. All connections of the propulsion parts are made either by rivets or bolts with locking elements.

After assembling the base, the camera is put on it and secured to the rim (disc) with canvas straps using hooks or screws. Instead of canvas belts, some “homemade” ones use strips of thin conveyor belt. When the tire is inflated, the inner tube protrudes somewhat into the spaces between the fastening belts, thereby forming a kind of lug.

Since the “bare” camera is susceptible to damage from sharp ice, stones and other obstacles, the following measure to increase survivability is common: homemade low-pressure wheels are put on lightweight tires.

To do this, use either a cut chamber of the same size as the main cylinder, or use lightweight standard tires from various equipment.

Making a karakat from a walk-behind tractor with your own hands

So, how can you make a karakat from a walk-behind tractor with your own hands and thereby create for yourself a reliable and indispensable assistant not only for your own household, but also for fishing and hunting trips?

In creating such a carat from a walk-behind tractor, the main stages described below can be distinguished:

Choosing a Frame for Caracat

A carat from a walk-behind tractor, naturally, requires the skilled designer to have a walk-behind tractor, preferably belonging to the heavy or middle class. In fact, a carakat is nothing more than a home-made all-terrain vehicle mounted on four or three wheels (depending on the design), with wheels “shod” in low-pressure tires, driven by an internal combustion engine.

To ensure that the karakat made from a walk-behind tractor does not disappoint your expectations and becomes an indispensable vehicle for long hunting or fishing trips on difficult off-road terrain, you need to clearly imagine all the stages of its production.

First you need to decide on the frame. In principle, many designers of home-made caracats took frames from IZH motorcycles, or even from URAL, which is determined by the financial capabilities of the participant(s) in the caracat manufacturing process, as well as what is available at hand.

Karakat from IZh has good maneuverability, which predetermines its main use when moving through the forest, as well as when overcoming rough terrain with large differences in elevation, slopes and ravines.

Making your own pendants

At the next stage of making a karakat from a walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to make the suspension and rear axle. The pendant will need to be made with your own hands, since the karakat pendant involves a welded structure of two parts connected by means of hinged fasteners. In the Karakat suspension design, the spars are mated to each other by means of a steering bushing, a strut and a special strut, resulting in the formation of an independent rear and front suspension.

When installing both the side members and the steering wheel bushings and special struts, it is necessary to achieve the independence of the suspension, since it is the independent suspension that is of particular importance for all types of homemade caracats, since it provides the caracats with the cross-country ability of a tracked all-terrain vehicle along with maneuverability and softness, especially when overcoming rough terrain

Installation on homemade karakat wheels

The wheels of the future caracat are its most important and most expensive part. You can either purchase them or make them yourself

It is important to note that all the known home-made designs of these all-terrain vehicles, including even the karakat from the Ant scooter, are equipped not with wheels themselves, but only with tubes and tires for the wheels of trucks (KAMAZ, Ural, as well as their trailers, including the large K-700)

It is these wheels that ensure ease of steering and overcoming uneven terrain, which ultimately ensures the safety of driving such an all-terrain vehicle. The significant volume of the chambers gives the caracat with such wheels good buoyancy, which is a useful addition to its good maneuverability. Sometimes caracats are equipped with simple inner tubes attached to the suspension via wheel rims and metal bands that wrap around the outside of the wheel inner tube and are attached to the rims.

Installation of the engine and its complementary torque transmission systems to the drive wheels. After installing the suspension with wheels on the karakat frame, you can begin installing the engine, as well as all other systems that complement it - the clutch, the braking system and the system for removing burnt fuel products.

Upon completion of this, it is necessary to comprehensively test the karakat, and only after successful completion of the tests can it be fully exploited. Depending on what kind of walk-behind tractor (high or medium power) the home designer of the karakat has at his disposal, so will its power.