Oil for the rear axle of a UAZ, how much to fill, which one to choose?

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07.08.2020
UAZ Hunter is a Russian off-road vehicle produced since 2003. This model is a further development of the UAZ-469 and UAZ-3151 family, which dates back to 1972. The car has a compact five-door body with a length of 4170 mm and ground clearance of 210 mm. At the same time, thanks to short body overhangs and a short wheelbase, this car has high-quality geometric cross-country ability. The model is relevant with the ZMZ-409 and ZMZ-514 engines, which operate with a five-speed manual transmission (previously a manual transmission-4 was available). The archaic design provides for two fuel tanks with a total volume of 78 liters.

Oil in transfer case, gearbox and axles of UAZ Hunter

UAZ Hunter is a Russian off-road vehicle produced since 2003. This model is a further development of the UAZ-469 and UAZ-3151 family, which dates back to 1972. The car has a compact five-door body with a length of 4170 mm and ground clearance of 210 mm. At the same time, thanks to short body overhangs and a short wheelbase, this car has high-quality geometric cross-country ability. The model is relevant with the ZMZ-409 and ZMZ-514 engines, which operate with a five-speed manual transmission (previously a manual transmission-4 was available). The archaic design provides for two fuel tanks with a total volume of 78 liters.

UAZ 31519 | Vehicle refueling volumes

Vehicle refueling volumes

* Models with automatic air conditioning control.

When to change the oil in the transfer case, gearbox and axles of the UAZ Hunter

It is recommended to change the oil in the transfer case, gearbox and axles of the UAZ Hunter SUV every 30-40 thousand km. A more precise replacement schedule depends on operating conditions and the condition of the lubricant. For example, it quickly becomes unusable when driving frequently off-road or in city traffic jams due to frequent stops, sudden starts and braking. In addition, the following signs indicate deterioration in oil quality: cloudiness and blackening, as well as insufficient oil level and thickening.

Draining fuel from UAZ Patriot

In rare cases, it happens when the owner of a Patriot needs to drain the fuel. The UAZ fuel system has its own design features, which makes it impossible to simply drain gasoline. However, this procedure can still be carried out.

In order to drain a certain amount of fuel, you only need to open the plug. Remember, the fuel tanks on the UAZ have rather curved pipelines that come from the so-called filler plugs, therefore, if you want to insert a regular hose through the plug in order to drain gasoline using the well-known old and proven method, you will not succeed. In general, it is simply impossible to drain fuel from one tank or another. This statement will discourage many, but everything is in order.

There is a method, however, it is not easy. First, you need to use a valve to relieve the pressure present in the ramp. Next, you need to remove the hose from the ramp itself and lower the remaining other end and secure, if necessary, in a previously stored container to drain the fuel. Then turn on the ignition; you need to monitor the filling of the container. Now that the required amount of fuel has been drained, all that remains is to simply turn off the ignition. The most important thing is to strictly follow the instructions, and then everything will work out. With this procedure, it is not necessary to start the engine, since the gasoline pump starts working when the ignition is turned on. This is the only way you can drain the fuel from the UAZ Patriot tank.

How much oil to fill

First generation 315195, since 2003

UAZ Hunter is the successor to models 31512 and 31514, on the basis of which it was created. Moreover, all three cars were developed on the basis of the UAZ-469 model of 1972. In the mid-2010s, UAZ suspended production of the SUV, but then the opportunity arose to resume production thanks to partial adaptation to modern standards.

Thus, the car received Euro 5 support and updated safety. Since 2022, the UAZ Hunter is officially a truck of the N1G category, which does not include airbags. Among the modern attributes available for Hunter, we can highlight ABS and the Era-Glonass module. The car differs from the UAZ-469 in its plastic radiator grille, black window frames with “rivets”, sliding glass in the windows, different bumpers and a one-piece rear door. As for engines, at first the UMZ-421 engine was available for Hunter, which was later replaced by the heavier (190 versus 170 kg) ZMZ-409.

• Transfer case oil: volume – 0.7 liters, tolerance and viscosity: API-GL-3-4, TSp-15K. TAP-15V, TAD-17I; SAE 75W-90
• Rear axle gearbox oil – 0.85 liters; front - 0.85 liters; tolerance and viscosity: API-GL-3-4, TSp-15K. TAP-15V, TAD-17I; SAE 75W-90

UAZ 315195 technical specifications

The technical performance is affected by the modification of the machine; the characteristics vary and are influenced by the equipment and power plant used. So, the car is equipped with a one-piece body or a removable roof. In addition, the UAZ 315195 is equipped with gasoline engines or a diesel engine, which affects the final result.

Generating device "16.3771":

The electrical equipment used on board involves the use of a single-conductor circuit. Negative contact for connecting consumers, machine frame. The voltage used on board is 12 Volts. To power the vehicle after reaching operating mode, a generating device “16.3771” and a power source “6ST-60(66)” are used. The motor is activated by the starter “4211.3708”. You can also read about.

What oil to use for the gearbox, axles and transfer case of the UAZ Hunter

Original

Two types of oil are recommended for the gearbox, axles and transfer case of the UAZ Hunter - semi-synthetic or synthetic. So, mainly in winter you should use oil with a viscosity of SAE 70W, 75W, 80W or 85W, and for summer use SAE 90, 140 or 250 is suitable. The most popular is all-season oil for year-round use - with a viscosity of SAE 75W-80, 80W-85, 85W-90, 75W-90 or 80W-90.

Unoriginal

To service the transfer case, gearbox and axles of the UAZ Hunter SUV, it is better to choose oil from trusted manufacturers - Mannol, Total, Eneos, ZIC, Castrol, Kixx, etc. Regarding the type of viscosity, it should be noted that synthetic oil is more fluid, suitable for cars of recent years release.

Accordingly, mineral water or semi-synthetics are recommended for older cars. It has a relatively thick consistency, which means there is less chance of leaks in the presence of microcracks or gaps between contact pairs. In addition, when choosing an oil, pay attention to the current tolerance indicators API-GL-3, 4 or 5. A higher API indicator indicates a greater number of useful additives. However, in the case of Hunter, these additives make no sense, so you can limit yourself to API-GL-3 or 4. Below are examples of suitable oils for the transfer case, gearbox and axles for the UAZ Hunter.

• Castrol Syntrax Long Life 75W-90
• ZIC GF Top 75W-85
• GT Hypoid Synt 75W-90.

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Ash content

This parameter determines the amount of metal-containing additives, in other words, the amount of ash that remains after complete burning (evaporation) of the oil. Oils are full-ash - with a full package of additives, this is indicated on the canister as Full Saps, or according to the ACEA classification: A1, B1; A3,B3; A3, B4; A5, B5.

Medium ash oils (reduced additive package) are designated on the canister as MID SAPS, or according to ACEA: C2/C3. Low-ash oils have an even smaller additive package; they are designated as Low SAPS or ACEA C1/C4.

Why is ash content reduced? High sulphate ash content is not allowed in most modern cars due to European exhaust emission standards. Such oils are less likely to clog particulate filters and catalysts, and are also less likely to deposit on pistons and rings.

The UAZ Hunter uses engines that are simple in design, so you can safely use medium-ash and even full-ash oils if you don’t want to overpay.

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The car manufacturer's recommendations for transmission oils for UAZ are discussed in the previous material at the link. And these recommendations undoubtedly must be followed, however, based on the operating characteristics of each individual vehicle, they can and even need to be amended within reasonable limits.

You just need to take into account that the use of oils of a lower category according to the SAE and API classification can lead to premature failure of units and, as a result, expensive repairs. At the same time, using a higher category of oils will be inappropriate, primarily for financial reasons, since they usually cost significantly more.

In order to operate with specific numbers and be able to clearly compare the quality characteristics of different oils, let’s take ZIC 75W-85, 75W-90, 80W-90, 85W-140 transmission oils as an example. Again, it is ZIC 75W-85 that is recommended by the factory for filling into the five-speed DYMOS gearbox.

Selecting transmission oil for the UAZ gearbox and mechanical transfer case.

Transmission oil must provide high-quality lubrication of gears and protect them from scuffing and wear. Therefore, both viscosity and a set of additives are important in its characteristics. Although, of course, in general, transmission oil in the gearbox and transfer case is much easier to work with than engine oil in the engine.

Perhaps the most balanced solution would be to use fully synthetic gear oil ZIC GF TOP 75W-90 of API GL-4/5 quality class in any UAZ gearbox and mechanical transfer case.

Among the above oils, it has the most balanced and highest viscosity * and pour point * . This oil will allow you to avoid difficulties even during the most severe frosts, without interfering with the rotation of their gears at the start of operation of cold units. And in hot weather, although not by much, it will still reduce the natural noise from the operating gears of the gearbox and mechanical transfer case.

The next in terms of quality characteristics is the semi-synthetic oil ZIC G-FF 75W-85 according to API GL-4 and then the synthetic ZIC GF TOP 75W-85 according to API GL-4. With almost identical kinetic viscosity * , semi-synthetics have a slightly higher overall viscosity index * .

If for some reason it is not possible to use 75W-85 or 75W-90 oils at the moment, for example, you urgently need to change the oil in the gearbox and transfer case after a long swim of the car while wading, then it is quite possible to fill in semi-synthetic ZIC G-EP 80W- 90 according to API GL-4. The same oil can be used constantly and all-seasonally for areas with a temperate climate and not very frosty winters.

High viscosity gear oil, such as 75W-140, 80W-140 or 85W-140, is preferable only for areas with very hot climates, and then only if it has an API classification of GL-4, but not GL-5.

Oil of category GL-5 according to the API classification is intended for heavily loaded high-speed hypoid gears; its enhanced extreme pressure and anti-wear functions are ensured by the presence of an increased concentration of additives based on sulfur and phosphorus, which are aggressive towards non-ferrous metals from which gearbox synchronizer rings are made.

Selecting transmission oil for UAZ axles.

With oil for the front and rear axles, everything is somewhat simpler. For their gearboxes with hypoid gears, in all cases, only gear oil of API category GL-5 is suitable, since oil of a lower category will not be able to protect the teeth of the hypoid pair from scuffing and premature wear.

As for the 75W-90 viscosity transmission oil recommended by the factory for all-season use in axles, deviations are possible here. For example, when actively using a car off-road, when after mud or fording, almost after every trip you may need to change the oil in the axles, it is much more financially profitable to fill them with cheaper ZIC G-5 80W-90 according to API GL-5 , and not ZIC GF TOP 75W-90 according to API GL-4/5, although it has more universal characteristics.

As well as for gearboxes, all-season use of high-viscosity transmission oils such as 80W-140 or 85W-140 in axles will be advisable only for areas with a predominantly hot climate, in terms of pour point * such oils are not very suitable even for mild winters.

As a generalized conclusion from everything written above.

Transmission oils for gearboxes, mechanical transfer cases and UAZ axles, on the one hand, must maintain high viscosity at operating temperatures in order to form a stable oil film in friction pairs, and on the other hand, not become too viscous at negative ambient temperatures for so that when the transmission units start operating, cold oil does not interfere with the rotation of the gears.

The choice of a specific gear oil manufacturer depends primarily on personal preferences and financial capabilities, so there is no point in advising anything on this matter.

* — Notes and explanations to the text.

Kinematic viscosity of transmission oil.

Characterizes the degree of oil fluidity at operating temperatures. For practical purposes, the most important is the kinematic viscosity at a temperature of plus 100 degrees. This conditional temperature is closest in value to that which occurs under optimal operating conditions in the crankcases of transmission units and in the areas of the main friction pairs.

A kinematic viscosity value that is too low or, conversely, too high, outside the permissible values, negatively affects the operation of the transmission as a whole. For example, transmission oil with low viscosity better penetrates into the gaps between rubbing surfaces and cools them, but if the viscosity is below the permissible value, the oil is squeezed out of the friction zone and this leads to accelerated wear of parts.

Transmission oil with a viscosity higher than acceptable can create increased rotational resistance, cause an increase in operating temperatures and increase crankcase pressure, which can ultimately lead to oil being squeezed out through the seals.

Viscosity index.

A conditional indicator characterizing the degree of change in the viscosity of transmission oil depending on temperature. The higher the viscosity index in numerical terms, the wider the temperature range for which the oil can be used.

All other things being equal, this means that when overheated, oil with a higher viscosity index thins out more slowly and does not lose its lubricating properties longer, and when cooled strongly, it thickens more slowly, maintaining lubricating properties at low temperatures.

Oil pour point.

This is a low-temperature property that has a strong impact on the operation of the transmission when starting to move after a long period of parking at subzero temperatures. Ignoring the values ​​of this parameter when choosing oil in some cases can lead to damage to parts of transmission units.

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Viscosity

For gasoline engines, all-season motor oils with viscosity grades are recommended: 0W-40, 5W-40, 5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40, 20W-40. For a 2.2-liter diesel unit, oil with a viscosity of 10W-40 is suitable. For those who are not well versed in notation, the first number indicates the “cold” viscosity, and the second, respectively, the “hot” viscosity (the higher this number, the thicker the oil at engine operating temperature). This is the so-called SAE viscosity. For example, 0W means that the oil is able to maintain acceptable fluidity down to a temperature of -35 degrees Celsius.

Please note that 0W-40 and 20W-40 oils, although they have the same “hot” viscosity designation (the second digit after W), however, in the first case the oil can operate at temperatures from -35 to 0 degrees, and in the second - from 0 to +35. The fact is that winter oil is always thinner in consistency than all-season or summer oil, therefore at high temperatures the oil film at the junction of the piston to the cylinder is too thin, as a result, severe scuffing is possible both on the piston skirts and in the cylinders themselves .

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Transmission oils are designed to lubricate parts of manual transmissions, transfer cases and drive axles. They create a strong lubricating film at the contact points of the parts of these units, which can withstand heavy loads.

Gear oils are defined and differentiated by classifications that are widely accepted today: SAE J306 for viscosity, such as 80W, 90, 75W-85 or 80W-90, and API, which contains a comprehensive assessment of gear oils for performance properties, such as GL-4 or GL-5 . In addition, along with the API specification, indicators according to the American military specification, denoted by the MIL index, may sometimes be used. For example MIL-L-2105A or MIL-L-2105B.

Features of the classification of transmission oils according to SAE and API.

SAE viscosity grades with the letter W refer to seasonal oils for the cold season, for example 75W or 80W. Accordingly, without W - to oils for warm summer time, for example 90 or 140. However, since the resource of transmission oils is quite long, using seasonal oils in everyday use, changing them in units every six months, is very inconvenient and not economically profitable.

For these reasons, so-called thickened or all-season transmission oils have become more widespread. They combine the properties of two types of oil at once - summer and winter, which is reflected in their marking, which already consists of two numbers separated by the letter W, for example 75W-90 or 85W-140.

The API classification currently contains five categories - GL-1, GL-2, GL-3, GL-4 and GL-5, which show the applicability and quality level of gear oils. For example, in category GL-5 - oil contains extreme pressure, anti-wear and other additives, used for hypoid and other types of gears in gearboxes and drive axles of cars.

Transmission oils for the UAZ Hunter and UAZ Patriot gearboxes.

Several types of synchronized gearboxes can be installed on UAZ Hunter cars and all models based on it: a four-speed Russian-made, a five-speed ADS made in China or a five-speed DYMOS made in Korea. On the UAZ Patriot and all models based on it, only a Korean-made five-speed DYMOS gearbox is installed.

The plant recommends filling the four-speed gearbox with SAE 75W-90 gear oil according to API GL-3. The Chinese-made five-speed ADS gearbox and the Korean-made five-speed DYMOS gearbox are SAE 75W-85, API GL-4.

Transmission oils for the mechanical transfer case of UAZ Hunter and UAZ Patriot.

When equipping a vehicle with a four-speed or five-speed ADS gearbox, the plant recommends filling the mechanical transfer case produced by UAZ OJSC with the same transmission oil as the box.

This is quite justified, since it is due to the fact that during operation, partial flow of oil from the gearbox to the transfer case is possible. The oil level in the gearbox may drop by 8 mm. relative to the lower edge of the filler hole and will accordingly rise in the transfer case. According to the plant, in this case it is not necessary to equalize the oil levels in these units.

When the car is equipped with a Korean five-speed DYMOS gearbox, it is recommended to fill the mechanical transfer case with SAE 75W-90 gear oil according to API - GL-3. Although there is no particular point in this, since oil from the DYMOS box also tends to flow into the transfer case, so it is more rational to fill both units with the same oil to prevent possible mixing of different oils.

Transmission oils for the front and rear axles of the UAZ Hunter and UAZ Patriot.

In the crankcase of both axles, the manufacturer recommends using transmission oil SAE 75W-90 according to API - GL-5.

Technical characteristics of UAZ-315195

The model is equipped with a 16-valve injection gasoline engine with a power of 136.7 hp. Thanks to the new method of mounting the engine to the frame, vibration is noticeably reduced. The new 5-speed gearbox features an unusual shift pattern. Opposite 1st gear is not 2nd, but reverse gear. This arrangement allows you to quickly change gears when the car is rocking. But the car starts off great even in second gear. In any case, you will need to get used to the peculiarities of the unusual gear shifting.

The top gear of the transfer case is made in the form of a helical coupling pair, giving fine-modular engagement. Operation is controlled by a single lever. Now it works much quieter than its previous counterparts.

The UAZ-315195 chassis compares favorably with previous models by the presence of one-piece Spicer-type axles. Permanent rear-wheel drive with a plug-in front axle ensures high cross-country ability. 210 mm and 16-inch wheel size make it possible not to notice low curbs. Small potholes are practically “swallowed” by the suspension and tires.

Changes that have occurred in the design of the front suspension allow you to confidently maintain the direction of movement at speeds exceeding 70 km/h. The rear part still rests on springs, which allow it to transport considerable loads.

Replacement procedure

Before starting the oil change procedure, you need to decide what type of oil you will pour into your engine. If the engine was previously filled with mineral water, under no circumstances should you fill in synthetic motor oil without first flushing the engine. The opposite is also true; when switching from synthetic oil to mineral oil, it is also necessary to flush the engine, since these oils are not compatible with each other.

An unpredictable reaction may occur, as a result of which flakes may form in the engine lubrication system, which consists of many small-diameter passages, which will clog the oil passages and cause the engine to seize. But semi-synthetic oil is equally compatible with both mineral water and synthetics, so in this case you can do without flushing the engine.

Many car enthusiasts do not trust flushes, especially the so-called “five-minute” flushes (when a special liquid is poured into the old oil for 5 minutes of engine operation, then it is all drained), since it is impossible to completely drain the flushing fluid; any part of it will remain in one way or another in the engine and will degrade the lubricating properties of the new oil.

Therefore, you need to treat flushes with special caution, use them only when it is really necessary - when changing types of oils, or if you bought a car second-hand and you don’t know what kind of oil is poured into it. To replace, you will need: new engine oil and filter, a clean rag, a container for drained oil with a capacity of 5 liters, a 17mm wrench, a screwdriver (or a special wrench for unscrewing the oil filter).

So, what needs to be done in order to change the oil in the UAZ Hunter engine:

1. Place the car on a viewing hole, lift or overpass. If the engine is cold, it is necessary to warm it up to operating temperature.
2. Unscrew the oil filler cap and remove the engine protection (or splash guard).
3. Clean the oil drain bolt (at the bottom of the crankcase) with a wire brush or rag.
4. Using a 17mm wrench, unscrew the oil drain bolt, after placing a container under this place. To drain the oil faster, you can turn the starter a little (but do not start).
5. Unscrew the oil filter, but do not turn it over when removing it from the car, it contains some oil. If the filter is stuck and cannot be unscrewed, use a screwdriver. It is necessary to pierce the filter as close to its bottom as possible, thereby making a lever.
6. Install the new filter, after adding some oil to it, be sure to lubricate the filter O-ring with oil and tighten it by hand as tightly as you can.
7. Screw the drain bolt back into the engine crankcase, only then can you fill in new oil.
8. Fill with new oil.

How much to fill depends on the engine size. The 2.7 UAZ petrol engine is filled with 7 liters of motor oil. An engine with a volume of 2.9 - 5.8 liters of oil. In a 2.2 diesel unit there should be 5.5 liters of oil when changing.

If you constantly add oil to the engine, most likely the piston rings or oil seals are no longer the same as when they came from the factory (worn out), as a result of which oil enters the combustion chamber and its level gradually decreases. But, any engine one way or another “eats” oil during operation within acceptable limits.

For the ZMZ-409 engine, oil consumption of up to 100 g/1000 km is considered the norm. This indicator may vary slightly, depending on the type of oil being poured. ZMZ-409 holds only 7 liters of oil, however, when replacing it is better to pour 6 liters, since it will not be possible to drain everything at once.

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