When driving in rainy conditions, the windshield becomes covered with raindrops or snow, which causes limited visibility and jeopardizes driving. The question often arises about the performance of the unit designed to clean the windshield from precipitation particles. We will try to find out in detail how to check the windshield wiper motor and monitor its working condition.
What is a windshield wiper motor?
All cars, trucks and other vehicles are already equipped from the factory with mechanisms for cleaning glass, including windshield wiper blades. In its standard form, it consists of two holders with rubber bands on the windshield and one holder on the rear window (for cars with a station wagon or hatchback body). All windshield wipers have three modes of operation, during which they move quickly, slowly or at an intermittent pace.
All windshield wipers are equipped with a special electric motor with geared torque transmission. Two mechanisms designed to operate the windshield wipers are attached to the motor shaft. One rotates the wipers to a certain position on the windshield, and the second is responsible for moving the wipers to their original position. The lever system supports the wipers throughout operation.
In fact, the electric motor rotates without stopping, and a special mechanism is responsible for moving the wipers, which allows them to rotate and quickly return to their original position. This mechanism is called a trapezoid wiper. It consists of a set of levers that move the wipers across the windshield.
In addition to the windshield wipers, the glass washer system is also responsible for a normal view of the front of the road. It is a tank with a special liquid, which, under the action of a pump installed in the tank, is pumped into the system and sprayed on the windshield. It is extremely important that these mechanisms are always in good working order. This is due to the fact that on the planned day of the trip the weather can easily turn bad and driving with a faulty windshield wiper system can become very dangerous.
Removing and installing the windshield wiper gear motor - VAZ 2107
1. We prepare the VAZ 2107 car for operations (see “Preparation of the VAZ 2107 car for maintenance and repair”).
2. On a VAZ 2107 car, disconnect the wire from the negative terminal of the battery (see “Battery for a VAZ 2107 car - removal and installation”).
3. Using a 10 mm socket wrench, unscrew the union nuts securing the windshield wiper blade arms.
4. Using an open-end wrench or other suitable tool, remove the levers of the windshield wiper blades from the conical splines of the drives. If it is difficult to remove the windshield wiper blades, apply a penetrating lubricant to the splined surface of the drives.
5. Using a 21 mm socket wrench (or a spark plug wrench), unscrew the nuts securing the windshield wiper arm drives.
6. Remove the plastic bushings and rubber gaskets from the wiper arm drives.
7. Disconnect the windshield wiper wiring harness block.
8. Lifting the edge of the seal, remove the windshield wiper wiring harness from the slot in the engine compartment partition.
9. Using a 10 mm socket wrench, unscrew the two nuts securing the windshield wiper gear motor to the body of the VAZ 2107 car.
10. By removing the windshield wiper arm drives from the holes in the body, remove the windshield wiper from the VAZ 2107 car.
11. Using a slotted screwdriver, remove the spring retainer and washer from the wiper rod axis. Disconnect the windshield wiper rod.
12. Using a 10 mm socket wrench, unscrew the nut and remove the crank from the drive splines of the windshield wiper gear motor.
13. Using a 10 mm socket wrench, unscrew the three bolts securing the windshield wiper gear motor to the bracket.
14. Remove the bracket along with the rods.
15. Having unfastened the tensioning belt, remove the dirt cover for the windshield wiper gear motor.
Installing a windshield wiper gear motor on a VAZ 2107 car
1. Before installing the windshield wiper gear motor on a VAZ 2107 car, we wash the rods with levers from dirt. Lubricate the hinges of the windshield wiper arms with grease.
2. Connect the connector block of the new windshield wiper gear motor to the wiring harness block. We connect the wire to the negative terminal of the battery. Turning on the ignition, turn on the intermittent operation of the windshield wipers for a short time. In this case, the windshield wiper gear motor drive will be installed in a position corresponding to the extreme left position of the windshield wiper blades. Turn off the ignition and disconnect the wire from the negative terminal of the battery.
3. Disconnect the wiper gear motor connector.
4. We connect crank A with rod B. Install the windshield wiper lever on the splined drive of the gear motor, orienting it in a position so that the crank and the wiper rod are parallel.
5. Further installation of the windshield wiper gear motor on a VAZ 2107 car is carried out in the reverse order. Before installing the wiper blade drives into the body holes, lubricate the threaded and splined parts of the drives with grease.
Windshield wiper malfunctions and repairs
There are many reasons why a windshield wiper may not work. First, always check the condition of the electric motor. Malfunctions include poor contact between the brushes and commutator, interturn short circuits in the stator or rotor windings, or jamming of the rotor and stator as the motor support bearings wear out. In addition, the malfunction may affect the contact connections between the engine and the electrical supply wires. However, if eliminating these faults does not lead to a positive result, we recommend carrying out a major overhaul of the electric motor.
In cases where the problem lies in the condition of the electric motor, there are a number of other reasons why the windshield wiper may not work. There are cases when the cause of a malfunction may be jamming of working parts. To prevent further damage, a bimetallic fuse is triggered, which protects the motor transmission mechanism from damage. If the fuse trips, then further use of the windshield wiper is impossible. Check the condition of the working parts and, if necessary, carry out appropriate repairs on the levers. After this, replace the used fuse.
If the windshield wiper mechanism operates at only one speed, then you should pay special attention to the condition of the switch or special resistor and, if necessary, replace it. It is not uncommon for windshield wipers to make strange sounds during operation. Creaks and knocks - all this can be the cause of a malfunction of the mechanism's hinge unit. If you are sure that such sounds have nothing to do with dust under the rubber bands or with the glass coating, then purchase a repair kit for the windshield wiper mechanism and replace the problematic hinges.
However, if repairing the mechanism does not give a positive result, it is recommended to replace the windshield wiper motor. It often happens that the motor bearing begins to become loose and makes extraneous noise during operation. At the same time, it compromises the reliability of the windshield wipers.
Main malfunctions of the mechanism and ways to eliminate them
When is windshield wiper motor repair required?
Before removing, checking the motor and replacing it, familiarize yourself with the main faults of the unit:
- The device does not function, the safety element does not work either, but its integrity does not work. In this case, you must first diagnose the integrity of the wiring and contact connections, and if damage is detected during the diagnosis, they must be eliminated. If everything is fine with the wiring, then you need to check the steering column brush switch; it is quite possible that it has failed. Naturally, the problem may also lie in the electric motor, for example, its contacts are burnt or the brushes are acidified; if this is the case, then it will need to be repaired or replaced. It would not be superfluous to diagnose the wiring that goes to it and the block. It is recommended to clean the safety element or replace it if cleaning does not produce results. If after performing all these steps the system still does not work, then you will need to diagnose the integrity of the winding of the so-called motor armature. If the diagnostics show that the circuit is missing, then either the armature or the entire electric motor assembly is replaced.
- The brushes do not work, while the safety element is working, and the fuse in the power circuit regularly fails. In this case, the levers are diagnosed - perhaps they cannot work as a result of deformation or freezing of the brushes to the windshield. It is much worse if the failure of the unit is caused by a short circuit in the armature circuit, then you will have to decide what to change specifically - the armature or the gear unit.
- The device does not operate in intermittent mode. As a rule, such a malfunction is caused by a failure of a relay or switch. In both cases, it is better to replace the failed mechanism.
- The wipers operate intermittently but do not stop. In this case, the problem, as a rule, lies in the inoperability of the relay or limit switch. If the reason is the switch, then most likely the spring plastic is not pressed to the end by the gear, and in this case it will just need to be bent (the author of the video is Igor Ivanov).
How to ring a windshield wiper motor
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car VAZ 21093, 1997 The wipers don't work. They don't move at all. When you turn on the wipers you can hear the relay clicking. I removed the motor assembly with the trapezoid. I checked the bimetallic fuse for the motor mount; it is there.
QUESTION: How can I check if the windshield wiper motor is working properly?
PS
In the connector for connecting the motor I found one + it is permanent, on the other wires there is no plus on any of them, it doesn’t matter whether the brushes are on or off
There are two wires from the motor. Give one a plus, the other a minus and check.
Doesn't it spin in all modes?
take the diagram. smoke it. First of all, check for the presence of + 12V after the bimetallic fuse, if it is external to the motor. If there is no +12V or it disappears immediately after it appears, then: - the bimetallic fuse has blown - the motor or trapezoid (usually the shafts on which the wiper arms are attached) are jammed. It’s better to check them manually right away - they should turn very easily.
Let's move on to the second stage. If the wiper relay clicks in all modes, then two malfunctions appear: - the insides of the fuse block are out of order - check the voltage at the contacts of the upper connector of the fuse block with a tester (better) or a tester. It is better to compare the voltage with the voltage at the battery contacts. If it is significantly lower or absent, then the problem is in oxidized contacts and the insides of the fuse box. — the gearbox of the motor is jammed, its windings are burnt out (checked by a continuity tester), the contacts inside the motor are oxidized, the adjusting screw of the worm gear is overtightened, the bearings are scattered/acidified. Motor disassembly, cleaning, lubrication.
Voltage can be supplied directly to the motor, if in a car, then it’s a good idea to use a fuse or a light bulb in series to prevent a short circuit from happening accidentally (in general, follow safety precautions when working with electrical installations).
Variants and combinations of the above should lead to a positive result.
Source
Wiper device
Structurally, windshield wipers are an electric motor with a built-in gearbox (geared motor), which transmits movement to a trapezoid - a system of levers. In turn, the trapezoid of the VAZ 2114 wipers drives the brushes, which perform mechanical cleaning of the glass.
The windshield wiper operates in 3 modes:
- continuous at 1st speed;
- continuous at 2nd speed;
- intermittent.
In addition, it can be turned on both synchronously with the washer and work without it.
You can find out that the wiper motor has failed by the following external signs:
- the wiper blades are motionless after turning on the cleaner (in all modes), the sound of the electric motor is not heard;
- wipers move very slowly or freeze periodically;
- the brushes are motionless, but the gear motor is working;
- The wipers only move in one direction and then stop.
It is worth noting that the above problems may be caused not only by the gear motor, but also by other components of the windshield wiper, in particular the VAZ 2114 trapezoid. When starting repair work, it is its condition (integrity of connections, absence of deformation of the arms) that should be checked first, and then move on to the motor itself.
It is also worth noting that if the wipers do not work or work incorrectly in intermittent mode, then either the steering column switch itself or the relay that controls their operation may be to blame. In both cases, these elements should be checked (in the case of a relay, by installing a similar model that is known to be working) and, if necessary, replaced.
In addition, if the wipers are completely stationary and the motor is not working (regardless of the selected mode), you should check and, if necessary, replace the bimetallic fuse numbered F16 in the general block (and if the rear wiper does not turn on, then you need to check fuse F7 ).
Connection diagram
If you encounter any difficulties, this diagram will help you figure out what you are doing wrong.
- wiper gearbox (1);
- thermobimetallic fuse (2);
- motor (3);
- washer valve (3);
- mounting block (4);
- ignition switch (5) and relay (6);
- switch (7);
- K3 front wiper relay (8);
- “A” – the contacts of the wiper pads are marked;
- “B” – output to pin 30 of the generator terminal;
- a – second speed;
- b – first;
- c – switch spring;
- d and e – his contacts;
- noise filtering capacitors – C1, C2;
- chokes – L1, L2.
Car windshield wiper motors
Most, if not all, purifier motors used today are permanent magnet motors. The motor is connected to the motor through a worm gear to increase torque and reduce speed. For two-speed operation, motors with three brushes can be used. Normal speed is ensured by two brushes placed opposite each other as usual. To operate at higher speeds, a third brush is used, which is placed closer to the grounded brush. This reduces the number of turns of the armature winding between them, accordingly the armature resistance decreases and the current and rotation speed increase.
The normal purifier motor speeds are 45 rpm at normal speed and 65 rpm at high speed. The motor must be able to overcome the static friction of the blade at a minimum speed of 5 rpm.
The characteristics of a typical car cleaner motor are shown in the figure. Two sets of curves show operating modes corresponding to normal and increased speed.
Purifier motors, or more precisely, the circuits associated with them, are usually short-circuit protected. This is necessary to protect the motor in case the brushes become blocked, for example when they freeze to the glass. In this case, a thermal relay or current sensing circuit in the purifier control unit, if equipped, is often used. The maximum time during which the motor can withstand current when the brushes are blocked is specified by regulatory documentation. Usually it is within 15 s.
Source
Washer problems
Diagram of the washer system Breakdowns and methods for eliminating them are different. Let's get to know them in more detail.
- The steering column switch does not work. Make sure of this by closing two contacts under the steering wheel - front contact 53ah-w, rear - 53ah-wh, and then measure the resistance. If it is low, the switch is replaced with a new one.
- There is no water flowing through the washer pump. It should also be replaced.
- Dirt has formed in the injectors. Use a sharp needle to clean them.
- The wire that connects the pump and the switch has broken. You understand that the only option is replacement.
- Relay K3 is faulty. Again, you have no choice but to change the relay.
- The hose ruptured and its integrity was compromised. What do you think should be done in such a situation? Absolutely right - change the hose.
Possible breakdowns
Various factors can cause a windshield wiper motor to fail, leading to disruption in the connections between the brushes and the commutator, a wedge in the gearbox, unstable operation of the motor, etc. At the same time, the windshield wiper motor does not always require replacement, leaving the possibility of maintaining the working condition by correcting the position system components - this applies, for example, to a bimetallic fuse. Malfunctions in speed modes usually result from failures in resistors or switches.
Problems with brushes can also be eliminated by simple manipulations with the stopping mechanism - in most cases, their adjustment allows you to restore the functionality of the cleaning elements. Aesthetic problems, including squeaking, grinding and other unpleasant sounds, are almost always solved by cleaning the brushes themselves. In addition, dry glass also leads to unfortunate noise.
