Signs of malfunction of injectors VAZ 2112 16 valves

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The question of how to check injectors may periodically arise for both owners of fuel-injected cars and cars with a diesel engine. To diagnose injectors, specialists use various methods and tools. In most cases, a simple check of injectors can be done by yourself. How to check the operation of the injectors , what needs to be done for this, and what tools you will need further you will find out.

Signs of injector failure

The injector's job is to supply fuel to the combustion chamber. Therefore, the main malfunction that can occur with it is clogging or its complete failure. Signs of malfunctioning injectors include the following factors:

unstable engine operation at idle;
significant increase in fuel consumption;
problems with starting the engine, especially when cold;
in some cases, a significant amount of black smoke may appear from the exhaust pipe (if a lot of fuel enters the combustion chamber through a leaking nozzle), and sometimes it is also accompanied by periodic loud pops from the muffler;
loss of the dynamic qualities of the car, expressed in the fact that the car accelerates poorly, it lacks power, jerking is felt while driving even on a flat surface, including when releasing the gas and when the load on the engine changes.

These signs, of course, may indicate other problems with the car’s power unit, but if they occur, we advise you to check the injectors and, if necessary, repair or replace them.

Troubleshooting

After you remove the injectors, proceed to carefully inspect them. When the removal of the VAZ 2110 injectors is completed, you can see that one of them remains in the inner pipe of the engine. It will be necessary to replace its retainer and the rings responsible for the seal. In addition, injectors are also replaced when the rings lose the elasticity of their coating or when there are cracks.

Check how the injectors spray. Connect the harnesses and attach everything to the battery. Then place the nozzle in a glass container and turn on the starter to see if the gasoline is spraying correctly. Each nozzle must have at least 4 jets, in addition, the gasoline that is carried through them in containers must be at the same level. If the sprayer begins to leak, the nozzle needs to be replaced.

Causes of malfunction of injection nozzles

Modern fuel injectors in gasoline engines come in two types: electromagnetic and mechanical. The first is a solenoid valve that is controlled by the vehicle's ECU system. When the appropriate signals are given, the valve opens to a certain angle, regulating the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinder. The second only supplies fuel to the channel. Its design includes a needle with a step. When there is enough pressure, the fuel overcomes the resistance of the spring and the needle rises. Accordingly, the nozzle opens and fuel is supplied to the chamber. Currently, electromagnetic injectors have gained wide popularity as they are more technologically advanced. Therefore, we will further consider checking and cleaning using their example.

There can be only a few malfunctions of the electromagnetic injector:

lack of signal from the ECU;
malfunction or complete failure of the winding;
nozzle outlet is clogged.

As practice shows, it is the latter option that is the most common cause of complete or partial failure of the nozzle.

How to check fuel injectors on a fuel injection engine

There are several methods for checking the performance of an injector. Let us list them in order with a detailed indication of the algorithm of actions.

Check using resistance measurement

You can check the injectors without removing them using a multimeter. First, check which injectors are installed on your car - high or low impedance (electrical resistance). This data will be necessary to perform an accurate diagnosis. In order to check the injectors with a tester without removing them from the engine, you must adhere to the following plan:

Measuring the resistance of the injector winding

remove the high-voltage wires from the injectors;
set the multimeter to the mode for measuring insulation resistance (ohmmeter) in the range from 0 to 200 Ohms (depending on the technical parameters of the device, the upper limit may differ, the main thing is that the ohmmeter can show a resistance value of several tens of Ohms);
turn off the ignition and remove the negative terminal from the battery;
disconnect the electrical connector on the injector being diagnosed (as a rule, to do this, unclip the fastening clip located on the block body);
connect the tester's measuring probes to the injector terminals and take measurements.

High impedance injectors have an insulation resistance of 11.17 ohms, and low impedance injectors have an insulation resistance of 2.5 ohms.

If the measured insulation resistance value differs significantly from the specified value, this indicates that the injector is faulty. Accordingly, the injector must be dismantled and detailed diagnostics performed.

It is important to know that the voltage to the injectors from the ECU is supplied in pulsed and not constant form. Therefore, it is recommended to measure resistance not only with an ohmmeter, but also with an oscilloscope, so you can see what peak values the resistance and voltage take. And the tester shows the average value.

How to check power to injectors

Checking the power supply to the fuel rail of VAZ 2110-2112

Let's look at checking the availability of power to the ramp using the example of VAZ 2110, 2111, 2112 cars, as some of the most popular. But first, let us recall that in the block with contacts, four of them supply power to the injectors, and one (pink wire with a black stripe) is the common ground. You need to act according to the following algorithm:

disconnect the power plug;
on the multimeter, set the upper limit of the measured resistance to around 200 Ohms (this value depends on the specific model of the tester);
measure each of the four contacts from the injectors with a common connector in pairs.

The resistance value should be within 11.5. 15.5 ohms . Remember that this way you will only measure the power supply on the ramp to each injector.

You can check the injector simply for vibration. When the engine is running, a working injector should vibrate slightly . If there is no shaking, it means it is out of order.

Checking the power supply from the car's electrical circuit is quite simple, you just need:

it is necessary to disconnect the supply wire block from each injector one by one;
After this, use two pieces of wire to connect the injector directly to the battery;
turn on the ignition.

If the injector starts spraying fuel, then the problem must be looked for in the wiring.

How to check the starting injector

First, let's say a few words about the monoinjector. Today, such units are becoming less and less common, since the system is outdated. Its essence lies in installing only one injector - in front of the throttle valve. They can be found on old models of foreign cars from VW, Audi, Skoda, Seat and others.

Cleaning methods

There are three main ways that will allow you to clean your injectors. Decide for yourself which one to use.

Peculiarities

Quite effective, but financially expensive. Plus, working with chemicals is risky because it is very dangerous to your health. Cleaning is carried out only in full compliance with safety regulations

Car services will now do everything for your money. But you'll have to pay a lot. Don’t forget that finding a really good, responsible and inexpensive service station is something out of the realm of fantasy. Therefore, either questionable quality of work, or impressive money for effective cleaning

The most economically profitable way to save money and complete the task efficiently. You should choose this option only if you have an idea about the design of the motor, the location and functions of the injectors

Do not carry out cleaning yourself if you have never climbed into the engine compartment yourself to replace or repair engine components. Trust trusted specialists, do not take risks.

Before and after cleaning

How to clean injectors

Most often, the problem with the operation of injectors is their banal contamination. Therefore, to restore their functionality and return the injector to its nominal performance, it is enough to clean it. This can be done in two ways - without removing it from the engine (by adding a special cleaner to the fuel) and in the removed state (passing the cleaner through a separate nozzle or using ultrasound). The following methods are used for cleaning:

mechanical;
ultrasonic;
using chemical compounds.

In this article we will talk about only a few, since cleaning injectors often requires additional professional equipment. You will find detailed information about self-cleaning in another material. Here we will briefly touch on these methods.

Cleaning the nozzle at home

A separate nozzle can be cleaned using special chemical compounds. For example, the same additives that are added to fuel to clean the system or the so-called “Carburetor Cleaner”. In this case, it is necessary to act according to the following algorithm:

prepare in advance “Carburetor Cleaner” (or its equivalent in the form of a spray can), a contact button without locking the closed position, a syringe with a volume of 5 ml or more, a tube to extend the neck of the syringe with a seal, an empty container, preferably of large volume (5-10 liters ), a mobile phone charger with a cut plug, contact wires with terminals;
Next, you need to insert the test nozzle into the back of the syringe (as tightly as possible, with or without a rubber band);
after that, connect the terminals through the button to the charger and plug it into the outlet;
insert the tube into the cleaning agent sprayer, and unfold the back of the nozzle into the prepared empty container;
after that, press the sprayer so that a certain amount of the substance enters the nozzle;
press the contact button to activate the nozzle.

If the nozzle is working properly, detergent should come out from its reverse side under pressure. The purging procedure must be repeated several times to achieve the required degree of cleanliness.

In addition to the check methods listed above, you can also mention checking the toxicity of gases and smoke - a low level of CO during gas release is a sign of poor injector performance. This method is practiced at some service stations as a way to monitor engine operation. Since both certain knowledge and equipment are needed, we will not consider it as one of the options for self-diagnosis.

You also cannot ignore and not pay attention to checking the injectors for fuel supply correction and lambda, but here the situation is the same as with toxicity, you will need not only diagnostic equipment, but also be able to understand all the numbers that the diagnostics will show you.

Cleaning the nozzle without removing it

In this case, cleaning can be carried out using several methods:

Using special cleaning additives that are added to the fuel. They contain special cleaning agents that gently clean the injector openings.
Cleaning using pressure. To do this, you need to accelerate the car to a speed of 110.130 km/h, and drive for 10.15 km (about 5.6 minutes) at high engine speeds. Due to the high load, natural cleaning will occur in the nozzles.
Idling. This method is similar to the previous one. It is necessary to start the engine while the car is stationary and maintain the speed at 4.5 thousand for 3.4 minutes. This will also clean the injectors. However, the previous cleaning method is better because the load under its conditions is higher.

conclusions

Problems with the operation of the injectors are not a critical failure, but if they occur, we recommend that you do not delay checking and eliminating the malfunction. In most cases, repair work can be carried out independently using the methods described above. Timely checking and diagnostics of injectors will allow you to avoid problems with the operation of the machine. Prevention will cost you less than repair work on injectors or other engine components. We recommend that you clean the injectors every 30.35 thousand kilometers of your car, regardless of their condition.

A faulty injector (nozzle) has a negative impact on the operation of the vehicle engine. The sooner the car owner finds out the cause of the malfunction, the sooner he will eliminate it, saving a significant amount of time, nerves and money. Listed below are signs of an injector malfunction that indicate the need for repair and maintenance work.

General diagram of the injector operation

there is a so-called group of information sensors, which is carried out exclusively by data collection;
all information goes to the controller, which is the analytical center of the injection system;
depending on a number of factors, the controller sends an electrical pulse of a certain length directly to the nozzles themselves, which open for a strictly specified time period;
The efficiency of the cylinders and, consequently, the engine itself depends on how much fuel and air are supplied from the injectors.

Note. A certain amount of air corresponds to a certain amount of fuel (if this ratio is violated, then the engine power will correspondingly decrease significantly).

VAZ 2110 injector relay diagram

The price of an injector (see VAZ 2110: flushing the injector on your own) is a flexible concept and depends on a number of components. However, the cost of fixing an injector problem at a car service center is very significant. The DIY repair instructions allow you to fix the problem, but you need to have a good understanding of the injector circuit. Photos and videos - materials in this matter will become the most valuable practical assistant.

Most common reasons

There are three main factors that can lead to unstable operation of the fuel injection system:

Low quality fuel is a common problem in all post-Soviet countries.
A long service life can equally be attributed to both advantages and disadvantages.
Unprofessional repair work.

It should be noted that unqualified repairs are the most dangerous factor that can affect the normal operation of the injector. In the absence of certain theoretical and practical knowledge, it is not recommended to try to repair or clean the injector yourself. It is best to entrust such work to professionals who are well aware of all the nuances and features of carrying out work of this kind.

Improper cleaning of the injector can cause harm

There can be a great many reasons for a malfunctioning injector, so in this article we will analyze only the most typical signs of an injector malfunction inherent in engines of various types, and give recommendations for eliminating them.

Repair

Before removing the injectors from the dismantled rack, it is advisable to check their functionality. To check you will need:

four identical containers,
tester,
wires.

Functionality check

Connect the gasoline supply and drain hoses and the power connector to the rail with injectors.
Place the rack over the measuring cups.

Place the rack over the measuring cups

The shape of the cloud should be approximately the same for all nozzles

After the war, Germany received a ban on the development of injectors for aircraft engines. And engineers began adapting direct injection systems for passenger cars, discovering another important advantage compared to carburetors - efficiency.

Vladimir Berestenev

Main symptoms

Lack of fuel mixture in the injector. Often, the presence of this symptom does not indicate a malfunction of the injector itself, but a failure of the fuel pump, or its incorrect installation after repair work. In some cases, the reason may be a clogged fuel mixture inlet into the fuel pump.

The fuel pump has failed

Significant increase in fuel consumption. A fairly common phenomenon that indicates a clogged injector. Due to the small diameter of the injector nozzle, even slight contamination can significantly disrupt the mixture formation process, reducing the percentage of engine efficiency. This is explained by the fact that a clogged nozzle no longer forms a cone-shaped cloud of gasoline, which means that a significant amount of fuel begins to burn out in the exhaust manifold. The consequence of these processes is a deterioration in the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle and an increasing load on various electronic equipment of the car: coil, spark plugs, wiring, etc.

Signs of injector contamination.

When the injectors of an injection engine of any vehicle become dirty, characteristic signs of malfunction arise, which necessitates the need to clean the engine injectors. Among these signs we note:

Difficulty starting the engine, especially as the outside temperature drops and the engine is cold;
Unstable engine operation at idle;
Perceptible dips when sharply or smoothly pressing the accelerator pedal;
Loss of acceleration dynamics and power by the motor;
Increased gasoline consumption;
Increased toxicity of CO-CH exhaust gases;
A several-fold increase in detonation when accelerating, which is a consequence of an increase in temperature directly in the combustion chamber and a depletion of the air-fuel mixture;
Misfires (ignition);
Periodic, characteristic popping sounds directly in the exhaust system;
Premature failure of sensors, including the catalytic converter, spark plugs and oxygen sensor (lambda probe).

It should be noted that even if all the problems listed above are present during the operation of your machine, this does not mean that the cause is clogged injectors. These problems can arise for a large number of reasons - from the failure of any sensor (air meter, throttle sensor, lambda probe, IAC) or a drop in pressure in the fuel system (RDT, fuel filter, fuel pump), to spark plugs.

The main causes of injector contamination.

The main, but far from the only reason for clogging of injection engine nozzles, is undoubtedly the quality of the fuel. In Western Europe, almost no one cleans injectors; manufacturers only recommend changing them after 120-150 thousand kilometers.

But the injectors of cars that are operated in the territory of the former USSR have to be cleaned every 15 - 30 thousand kilometers. There is only one reason for the poor quality of fuel - the desire to receive excess profits from the sale of fuel and lubricants. As a result:

Insufficient capacity for the production of A-92 and A-95 gasoline, but A-98 at domestic gas stations is in most cases a myth and a cunning marketing ploy - nothing more;
Violation of fuel storage conditions. Often, the same tanks are used to store gasoline A-76, A-80, A-92, A-95, A-98, in which various tar deposits accumulate over the years of operation, dissolved by fuel with a higher octane number. As a result, tar deposits are washed into the tanks of our cars, leading to failure of the fuel system;
The use of manganese-containing additives in the production of fuel, which increase anti-knock resistance. These are so-called anti-knock agents, which allow you to turn low-octane gasoline into high-octane gasoline with a slight movement of the hand. For example, an A-80 can “by magic” become an A-95, and there will be no detonation and its consequences as such. The additives, in turn, cause increased wear of the spark plugs and accelerated contamination of the fuel filter with fine brick-colored particles.

All these reasons lead to the need to replace spark plugs, clean the injector, and in some cases even overhaul the engine.

Removing parts

The injectors can be removed and replaced after the fuel rail has been removed.

Compress the retaining spring and disconnect the electrical connector for each injector.

Slide and remove the parts lock on the fuel rail.

While rocking, pull out the nozzle. Remove any parts that require replacement.

Install new injectors, fuel rail and other dismantled parts in the reverse order.

Do not use used injector rubbers; install new ones, first lubricating them with engine oil.

If necessary, replace the fuel pipe O-rings.