What happens if an injector leaks on a gasoline engine?

Before you learn how you can test your fuel injectors, a few words about what a fuel injector is. The fuel injector replaced the carburetor, which mixed fuel with air, forming an air-fuel mixture (FA), for subsequent supply to the combustion chambers of the car engine.

By the way, carburetors still exist, mainly on classic cars, as well as special vehicles. On all modern cars it was replaced by injectors starting in 1990. With the advent of injectors, the fuel injection system began to work under the control of the engine ECU (electronic control unit).

Despite the many advantages of injection systems, for many motorists, giving up a carburetor was a real tragedy. Since before this, most motorists repaired and adjusted the injection system without outside help and expensive tools.

However, fuel injectors are more reliable and efficient than a carburetor, so progress is inevitable in this situation. However, at the same time, they can cause trouble for their owner, and in such a situation, not everything is as simple as with a carburetor, and usually a visit to a service station is required to solve the problem.

But is it possible to independently diagnose problems with injectors, and if so, what is needed for this? You will find out about this now.

How to check an injector nozzle for serviceability

Problems with injectors occur both on cars powered by diesel fuel and on gasoline-injected cars. An injector is a part responsible for injecting fuel under a certain pressure. It is useful to know how to check the injector nozzle if starting difficulties occur.

Causes and symptoms

Accurate metering of fuel, tightness of hoses and seals, activation of the injector at the right moment are prerequisites for stable and trouble-free operation of the engine. If the injection part leaks, as they say, then the efficiency of fuel atomization deteriorates, i.e., the shape of the flame is upset and the power unit smokes, either black or gray, it is difficult to start, consumption increases, and power is lost.

“The injector is leaking” is an expression that means fuel is leaking at a time when it is not needed.

There are many culprits for poor performance. For example, a dirty filter, a non-working fuel pump or bad spark plugs. The same thing happens due to the fault of a failed reel or due to problems with the timing belt.

The most important symptom of a non-working injector is difficulty starting the internal combustion engine. This is especially true for a “cold” engine. In addition, as mentioned above, symptoms include increased fuel consumption and unstable engine operation in idle mode. The last symptom generally resembles almost a tripping of the engine, as if one of the cylinders is not working.

As for the driving signs of a non-working injector.

Defects in injection elements should be corrected immediately, otherwise it will negatively affect the service life of the engine and gearbox. Experts also do not recommend driving with a faulty injector, because it is simply dangerous. On steep climbs, when maneuvering and overtaking, a car with a failed injector can play a cruel joke on the driver.

How is diagnostics carried out?

You should know that car injectors are classified into several types. Today, two of them are in use: conventional and electric injection elements (magnetic).

Electric or, more correctly, electromagnetic injectors (EMF) are equipped with a special valve that supplies fuel. It, the valve, is controlled by the power unit ECU using sent pulses.

As for mechanical injectors, they open as the gasoline pressure in the injector increases, i.e., automatically.

On modern cars, the first variants of injectors are often installed - EMF.

Checking the injector itself without removing it

Injector testing can be done in several ways. However, in use

the simplest of them, and this is not surprising. It makes it possible to quickly test the injectors without even removing them from the car. The fundamental factor in such diagnostics is the analysis of the noise emitted by the motor during operation.

If a muffled high-frequency noise is heard from under the hood, this indicates the importance of cleaning the injectors or a problem with one of them.

Checking power supply

It is recommended to check how the power is going. This test option is carried out only when the injectors themselves are functioning flawlessly, but difficulties are observed with starting.

Here's how this kind of diagnosis is carried out:

According to the result, the following conclusions are drawn:

Another test option involves using an ohmmeter. This method allows you to measure the resistance on the injectors, and draw conclusions accordingly.

This is done as follows.

In this way, you can measure the compliance of the resistance indicator with the required one. If deviations from the norms are noticeable, the faulty injector is removed from the vehicle and replaced with a known good one. After this, you can check the resistance again, and be sure to evaluate the operation of the motor. If everything was done correctly, the engine characteristics should change.

Analysis of the operation of injectors on the ramp

Anyone can check the injector nozzle with their own hands. It is not necessary to go straight to a car service center if you encounter another problem. An experienced motorist should be able to do some repairs himself.

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl+Enter.

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Which indicates possible problems with the injector

Let us immediately note that there can be many reasons for unstable engine operation, ranging from a clogged fuel filter, a broken fuel pump, a failed spark plug or a faulty coil, to loss of compression, problems with the timing belt, etc. Along with this, one of the main signs of injector malfunction is difficulty starting the engine, especially when cold, as well as gasoline or diesel consumption (depending on the engine type), which increases noticeably. It is also necessary to note the unstable operation of the internal combustion engine in idle mode, similar to the so-called “triple” of the engine.

When driving, it is possible that one or several symptoms may occur quite frequently:

presence of jerks, very slow reactions when pressing the gas pedal;
obvious failures and loss of dynamics when trying to accelerate sharply;
the car may jerk while driving, when releasing the gas, and also after changing the load mode on the engine;

How to identify a leaking nozzle?

Savings persuade many motorists to purchase a car with a diesel power unit. But new diesel power systems can spoil all the advantages due to their high cost, because new injectors cost a lot.

Manufacturers claim that the injector is designed to operate for 100-150 thousand kilometers. But in fact, they can work even more, but then you need to be vigilant so as not to miss the moment of nozzle failure.

Why do injectors break?

As soon as the engine begins to develop insufficient power, when the load on the engine increases, dips and jerks appear, and at low speeds the operation of the power unit becomes unstable, then you should immediately think about going to a service station for repairs or to an auto shop to buy new injectors.

Most often, injectors break due to various types of contamination. Since these parts are constantly exposed to high temperatures, the resins contained in the fuel become coked at the nozzle. These hard deposits can block the spray ports, causing the needle valve to become unsealed. This can lead to the fact that even high-quality Denso injectors begin to spray fuel poorly or even leak. A clogged fuel system can cause other injector components, such as the passages or filter, to become clogged. Most often, common rail injectors are repaired using ultrasonic cleaning.

The first signs of a leaking nozzle

A pouring nozzle is a nozzle that does not spray fuel well or simply drains it in a stream into the combustion chamber. What are the signs that the injector is not working properly? First of all, you can feel twitching at idle or during low load modes. When the engine warms up a little, the twitching will decrease, because in a warm engine the fuel evaporates much better, even if the atomization is disrupted.

If the car does not start on the first try, but only on the second or third, and before it always started normally even with a similar temperature outside, then this is also a sign of a leaking injector. The thing is that if the injector is flowing, it lets fuel through even when the engine is not running. Due to this, the pressure in the ramp drops very significantly. And due to the fact that the fuel pump only works for a few seconds during start-up and then turns off at the software level, this is not enough to ensure that there is the required pressure in the fuel rail. That is why the engine has to be started several times in order for the pressure to equalize to the required level.

In addition, if at least one of the injectors is leaking, the air-fuel mixture becomes very lean. It is known that such a mixture burns much worse and is more prone to detonation. This can be noticed by the knock sensor, but many car enthusiasts simply do not pay attention to it, mistakenly believing that it is the sensor itself that is broken.

Sometimes a flash occurs in the engine when the starter has not yet worked. This is also one of the signs that fuel is leaking from the injectors. This pop most often means that an idle spark from the ignition ignited the leaking fuel.

Operating principle of an injection nozzle

As a rule, gasoline engines use electromagnetic injectors, the operation of which is based on controlling the fuel supply by electrical impulses generated by the electronic engine control system (ECM).

A pulse in the form of a voltage surge is supplied to the solenoid winding, which causes magnetization of the rod located inside it and moves it inside the cylindrical winding.

The spray valve is mechanically connected to the rod. The fuel, located in the ramp under strictly controlled pressure, begins to flow through the valve to the outlet openings, is finely sprayed and mixed with the air entering the cylinder.

The amount of gasoline per operating cycle is determined by the total time of cyclic opening of the valve.

Total - because the valve can open and close several times per cycle. This is necessary to ensure smoother operation of the engine on a very lean mixture.

For example, to initiate combustion, you can supply a small amount of an enriched mixture, and then use a leaner composition to maintain combustion and ensure the required efficiency.

How to recognize faulty fuel injectors? How to check injectors?

But is it possible to independently diagnose problems with injectors, and if so, what is needed for this? You will find out about this now.

How can you tell if something is wrong with the injectors? Signs of injector failure

Common signs indicating problems with the fuel injection system:

The engine idles unstably, or even stalls at idle;
Increased vibration at idle, increased noise;
The engine does not start well;
The “Check Engine” light comes on on the dashboard;
Increased fuel consumption;
A characteristic smell of fuel in the engine compartment, possible leakage;
Deterioration in dynamics and drop in power.

Of course, most of the above symptoms can have more than one possible cause, and do not always indicate a faulty fuel injection system. Similar symptoms are typical for other breakdowns, for example, faulty spark plugs can cause most of the above problems.

Connecting the computer to the “brains”

A universal code system is used to clarify a specific problem that is associated with a particular part or system. This allows you to speed up the process of diagnosing and finding the causes of a car malfunction. So, for example, a faulty fuel injector is indicated by codes in the range from P0000 to P0299 (air-fuel mixture control). The last digit between P0300 - P0308, for example - 8, indicates a problem cylinder in which there is a malfunction. Therefore, the P0308 code indicates that the No. 8 cylinder has an injector problem. You can read the error code in the ECU memory by visiting a service station or purchasing an OBD scanner.

Prevention is better and cheaper than treatment!

It should be noted that, as with most technical issues. vehicle maintenance, prevention is always better and cheaper than treatment (repair). One of the simplest, cheapest and most effective ways to prevent fuel injection problems is to maintain a healthy ignition system. One of the most important conditions for the “health” of injectors is cleanliness! It is important to refuel with high-quality fuel and change filters on time. Also, to prevent contamination of injectors, as well as combat deposits, experts recommend using a special liquid to clean fuel injectors. In addition, there is a “flush” that allows you not only to prevent the accumulation of dirt and deposits, but also to completely clean the fuel injector system.

If your problem is more serious, then you will most likely need to consider having your fuel injectors professionally cleaned. Of course, this will cost much more than flushing liquid, but the result will be much better. And besides, it is much cheaper than replacing injectors or repairing the engine.

Flushing valves and combustion chamber

At the end of the above procedures, it is recommended, to improve the cleaning result, to pour inside the fuel tank a liquid intended for cleaning valves, which will destroy carbon deposits on the intake valves and combustion chamber over the course of six engine operating hours, although you need to be careful, who knows what you have built up in the engine (and if you drove constantly under tension and only at low speeds, then carbon deposits, for example, on the bottom of the piston can reach several millimeters) and how it will begin to fly off when using a cleaner.

Now you can relax... until the next engine cleaning. We strongly advise you to read this article again after ten or twenty thousand kilometers. And then you will forget about engine problems!

How to check fuel injectors if problems occur?

The easiest way is to entrust this to specialists at a service station, but there are ways to check the fuel injectors yourself, at least preliminary, after which you can decide whether to go to a professional for service or not.

You should pay attention to any, even the slightest, signs indicating problems, for example, if the “CHECK” lights up on the “tidy”, this may indicate many malfunctions, including faulty injectors.

One of the most popular ways to check injectors is to listen to their operation. Your ears can actually tell you a lot, provided you know what the sound is supposed to be.

Ideally, of course, it is better to have a stethoscope similar to the one used by doctors, but the average car enthusiast is unlikely to have one. So let's trust our ears and a screwdriver!? Yes, yes to a big long screwdriver!

Replacing injectors on a Lada Priora car

Before we move on to describing the process of removing the injectors, you need to select everything you need for the job. Here is a list of tools and consumables:

Sequence of work

The block with wires on the Priora fuel rail is removed manually

The mounting fuel rail on the Priora can only be unscrewed with a Phillips screwdriver

The Priora fuel fitting should be unscrewed with only two keys

The O-rings from the Priora ramp should be removed so as not to lose them

The Priora ventilation hose can only be removed after loosening the clamp

It is convenient to loosen the Priora brake hose clamp with pliers

The Priora intake pipeline is held on top by only two nuts

After unscrewing the fasteners, you can simply pull the Priora pipeline towards you

Two 5-point screws on the Priora ramp can only be unscrewed with a hexagon

The Priora fuel rail is removed along with injectors and wires

The injector on the Priora can be unscrewed from the ramp manually

Video: removing injectors from Lada Priora

Checking injectors at home with an ear and a screwdriver!

If, when listening to the fuel injector, you hear a continuous series of clicks that are uniform and not very loud, then you can assume that the injector is working properly and is working as it should.

If the clicks are intermittent, irregular and with pauses, most likely the injector is stuck or jammed and requires flushing or even replacement. At a minimum, such an injector should be removed for further diagnostics.

We carry out the described procedure for each injector, after which we decide whether there is any point in visiting a service station or not. This method does not provide 100% confidence, but a preliminary conclusion can be made. Moreover, it is free and available to everyone. If there are errors indicating problems with the injectors, then this method will, at a minimum, help verify that there really is a problem.

After such a diagnosis, you can try to restore the operation of the injector using flushing fluid, or you can stop by the station and carry out a full cleaning of the injectors on an ultrasonic stand.

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Checking Lada Priora injectors

As mentioned above, both the fuel system ECU and the injector itself can fail. To carry out a complete diagnosis of the ECU, special software is required, which the average motorist simply does not have. Therefore, the only option is to diagnose the machine at a service center. The program, connected to special equipment, will quickly detect ECU errors and correct them.

A full check of Priora injectors is possible only on a special stand

And if problems arise in the mechanical part of the injector, then the diagnostic program will be useless. The maximum that it can do is indicate which cylinder is not working correctly. After this, the car owner can only replace the failed injector on the specified cylinder, since these devices cannot be repaired.

In order to clean the injectors in VAZ 2114/2115 cars, it is recommended to read this material: https://vazweb.ru/desyatka/pitanie/zamena-forsunok-vaz-2114.html

Why check injectors?

Today, automakers around the world no longer produce carburetor cars. Injection engines have proven to be more reliable, more powerful and consume less fuel. The working mixture is supplied to the combustion chambers of an injection engine through nozzles. Over time, they can fail or become dirty. This will be indicated by certain symptoms. Now let's look at them.

Checking the injectors

Signs of faulty injector nozzles:

The listed signs may indicate other problems, therefore, to ensure that any specific injector is faulty, you will need to check each of them.

Causes of injector malfunction

Repair of diesel injectors may be required for the following reasons:

Low quality diesel fuel: the scourge of all diesel drivers. Due to impurities in the fuel, the atomizer becomes clogged; the dosage and fuel supply mode are violated.
Poor assembly quality of the injection component or manufacturing defect: the injector does not withstand operating conditions, the part as a whole or individual components fails.
Mechanical damage caused by incorrect operation of adjacent internal combustion engine systems.

Usually the breakdowns are of the following nature: the spray angle and the amount of fuel supplied changes, the integrity of the housing is compromised, and the needle stroke worsens.

Signs of a “dirty” injector.

Signs of a “dirty” injector (nozzles), how often do they need to be cleaned and what does this affect? If the injectors are clogged, a cold engine may not start on the first try, especially in winter. During the first few seconds after starting, you can hear misfires in one / two cylinders - the engine is shaking. If you sharply press the accelerator pedal (gas pedal), a “failure” appears before picking up speed; the engine may stall. After warming up, at idle speed the engine operation becomes normal, but while driving, especially when accelerating, a deterioration in the engine’s “throttle response” appears.

Injector contamination is usually associated with the deposition of carbon deposits on the internal surfaces of the fuel system. The intensity of deposits is primarily related to the chemical composition of the fuel and temperature changes. Injectors can become dirty not only during long vehicle runs, but also during long periods of idle time or when the vehicle is used for a long time on gas.

It is recommended to clean injectors after 40...60 thousand kilometers. The higher the vehicle's total mileage, the shorter the vehicle's recommended mileage between cleanings.

Contaminated injectors reduce their throughput, but they rarely become equally clogged. In many cases, there is a large variation in injector performance across cylinders. As a result, the composition of the air-fuel mixture burned in the engine cylinders begins to differ significantly. At the same time, the color of deposits on the spark plug insulators becomes different, despite the fact that the brand of spark plugs is the same.

Checking the functionality of the injector

There are several methods for checking the functionality of the sprayer. The easiest way to check the injector is with the engine running:

Start the engine at idle speed.
Start unscrewing the nozzles one by one.
If after removal the engine performance deteriorates, then the removed injector is operational and should be returned to its place.
By process of elimination you will find an injector, the removal of which will not change the operating mode of the internal combustion engine. This will be a broken device.

You can use a multimeter for diagnostics. In advance, you need to disconnect the battery terminals and disconnect the injector wiring, and then “check” each part with the device. On high resistance injectors, the device values will be in the range of 11 - 17 ohms; at low impedance the multimeter will show up to 5 ohms.

Tip: Having a maximeter will be a big advantage. The device is able to show the current pressure at which the sprayer is activated. It will also help identify defects regarding the spray angle and injection jet configuration.

How to check functionality?

The check is quite easy to do yourself. With the engine running, it is necessary to turn off each of the injectors in turn. If, when you turn off any injector, the engine continues to operate without noticeable changes, this will indicate that the problem lies precisely there. It will be necessary to find out the reason for its failure. The nozzle design allows you to do this without additional equipment, with your own hands. To do this, voltage from the battery is supplied to its terminals. When the nozzle fires, characteristic clicks should be clearly heard. If you can hear them, then the device is working properly, and the problem most likely lies in contamination of the nozzle. In this case, you just need to clean it. If, on the contrary, the device does not react in any way when it is connected to the battery, then such an injector will have to be replaced with a new one.

Cleaning injectors

There can be many different options for the “behavior” of a car when the pump injectors fail or there is another problem in the operation of the fuel system. But with almost any of them, you will always have time to get to the service station. Here are examples of the most common signs that will allow you to determine that your truck requires fuel system repair.

In this case, there are 3 possible causes of the malfunction: 1. Lack of Low Pressure

For the full functioning of the machine, it is necessary to fill the pump injectors with fuel.
This function is performed by a low pressure pump. The minimum pressure that the low pressure pump should produce at idle speed is 2 bara. If the pump does not produce pressure, or the pressure relief valve in the low pressure system is faulty (low pressure approaches zero), it may happen that one of the pump injectors does not have enough fuel to fill completely. Consequently, there is no volume of fuel supplied through the atomizer. In this regard, one or more pump injectors, and therefore engine cylinders, may not work. The result
is jamming of the engine motor.
The solution
is to replace the low pressure pump or pressure relief valve. Or both.

2. Mechanical failure of the pump injector

Such a malfunction, as a rule, can be mechanical wear of the solenoid valve (valve assembly), or wear of the atomizer. In the first case, the pump injector cannot create high pressure, because the valve does not close at all. Consequently, there is no supply to the cylinder. In the second case, a breakthrough of gases from the engine cylinder is possible due to the fact that the nozzle does not close. Consequently, the pump injector is “aired” and the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinder again tends to zero. Result

- the car is shaking.
The solution
is a major overhaul of a failed pump injector.

The result of this malfunction is either a burnt-out magnet (solenoid) or a lack of contact in the contact group of the pump injector. A screw has come loose or there is a break in the electrical circuit. Due to the fact that the electromagnetic unit does not perform its functions, there is no fuel supply to the cylinder completely. The result is that the car stalls. There may be other options. But they are not typical and need to be considered individually. Result

- the car is shaking.
The solution
is to contact an electrician.

EXCESSIVE FUEL CONSUMPTION, INCREASED SMOKE FORMATION, BUT THERE IS DRAFT

Most likely, the hole in the nozzle is worn out, and fuel is supplied to the cylinder at reduced pressure. If the machine still “pulls” well, it means that the remaining components of the system - the plunger pair and the control feed valve - are not critically worn. In this case, you can get by with replacing the atomizer and drive another hundred thousand kilometers until the pump injectors are overhauled. But it is not a fact that the valve is still in order. Both the valve and the nozzle may be worn out. And the paradox of this situation is that computer diagnostics will show that everything is in order. The fact is that computer diagnostics are performed in idle mode and record the amount of fuel entering the cylinder, namely at idle speed. If the nozzle holes of the atomizer are very worn out and the valve assembly is completely worn out, then the average amount of fuel at idle speed will be approximately the amount of fuel supplied by a working injector pump (with unworn nozzle holes and an excellent solenoid valve). For this reason, in this case it is quite difficult to determine malfunctions in the fuel system through diagnostics.

– The real picture of the condition of the unit injectors can only be shown by removing them and diagnosing each unit injector separately.

THE CAR DOES NOT PULL AND OVERCONSUMPTION OF FUEL

This indicates that all components of the pump injector are worn out. In this case, it is necessary to overhaul the pump injector or replace it with a new one. At the same time, the car, in theory, should not smoke. There is no fuel, nothing to smoke. - Why is this happening? — Lack of the required amount of fuel in the cylinders and the required fuel injection pressure. If the car still smokes a lot, then the problem is most likely in the engine air supply system (see turbine sensor, turbine, intercooler)

THE CAR STARTS FROM QUICK START (ON AIR)

This means that absolutely ALL pump injectors are worn out. In this case, we recommend changing them URGENTLY. Since fast starting has a very bad effect on the operation of the engine as a whole.

EVERYTHING KNOCKS, EVERYTHING SMOKES, TROUBLES, Puffs...

. And in general, it’s even scary to stand next to the car... This indicates that the pump injector atomizer has failed. The atomizer is the most vulnerable part of the nozzle, since it is located in the combustion chamber and is the most loaded unit in the system. If the sprayer body is split, the machine begins to behave in the manner described above. This situation often happens in winter when water gets into the fuel.

Or so let’s say, let’s make some clarifications. In general, pump injectors work independently of each other, and if one or two fail, the car will move. The computer will simply turn them off, and the car will reach its destination. Worn pump injectors can be detected long before they fail completely. We recommend replacing the entire set at once, because, as a rule, the service life of the injectors is approximately the same. And additional removal and installation in case of repeated application is double costs in this case. But if diagnostics show that some of the injectors are in good condition, you can replace them selectively for now. If your car has a fuel system equipped with pump sections, read about its functions and repairs in the article “Diagnostics and Repair of a Fuel System Equipped with Pump Sections.”

We wish you never to break down!

Nine Signs of a Bad Fuel Injector (And Cost to Clean or Replace)

Most cars manufactured in the 9th decade of the 20th century and later are equipped with modern electronically controlled fuel injection systems (instead of a carburetor). The main part of such a system are fuel injectors.

While it's possible that you'll never have a problem with your fuel injectors (especially if you use cleaner regularly), sometimes they become dirty, clogged, or fail completely and need to be replaced.

Below are the most common symptoms of faulty fuel injectors and the average cost to replace them (if cracked) or clean them (if clogged).

How fuel injectors work

The main function of the fuel injector is to supply the engine with fuel. The injector atomizes (injects) fuel into the engine cylinder through a nozzle so that the internal combustion process can begin. The fuel must be delivered at the right time, in the right quantity and at the right pressure, angle and spray pattern.

The engine control unit (ECU) is the central computer or "brains" of any vehicle, which controls many individual components, including the fuel injector. Using various sensors, the ECU ensures that the injector sprays fuel at the right time and in the right amount, and also creates the correct air-fuel mixture.

The vehicle's fuel pump supplies gasoline from the tank to the fuel injectors through fuel lines. When the ECU determines that the engine requires fuel, it transmits a message to the fuel injector solenoid, which then opens to allow pressurized fuel to be sprayed into the cylinder.

Nine Common Signs of Bad Fuel Injectors

If one or more fuel injectors fail, your vehicle's engine will not be able to function as intended. A faulty fuel injector will either prevent fuel from being sprayed into the engine or will disrupt the intervals at which fuel should be sprayed. In any case, your car will not work properly, and may not even move at all.

Below are nine signs of bad fuel injectors that you can recognize early on. Some of these are also symptoms of a clogged or dirty injector, so it's always worth trying a good injector cleaner on your fuel system first before spending money on replacing them.

You can pay a mechanic to clean your fuel injectors properly, or you can buy a kit to clean them and do it yourself. In any case, you should take care of this immediately to prevent serious damage to your car's engine.

No. 1. Rough idle or engine stalls

Because your vehicle is not getting enough fuel, or the fuel delivery is uneven, the idle speed drops below the optimal level, causing the engine to run rough or rough. If the RPM drops too low, the engine will stall and you will need to restart the car.

No. 2. Engine vibrations

A faulty fuel injector will cause the corresponding cylinder to fail to ignite. This means that while driving the engine will vibrate or sputter as it attempts to complete each cycle without fuel.

No. 3. Engine misfires

If a clogged injector prevents enough fuel from being sprayed into the cylinder, the engine will misfire while driving. There will be problems when accelerating or there will be a pause after pressing the gas pedal. In any case, you must take care of this soon, otherwise the engine will be susceptible to overheating or other problems that arise when the correct air-fuel mixture is not properly proportioned.

No. 4. The “Check Engine” light comes on.

The most obvious sign of a problem is when the check engine light illuminates on your dashboard. While this could mean a variety of problems, a faulty fuel injector could be one of them. Any time the injector delivers less fuel than needed (or in some cases more), engine efficiency decreases and can cause the above light to come on. Use an OBD2 scanner to confirm the problem.

No. 5. Fuel leak

If your car's fuel injector is truly broken or cracked due to damage or age, it will begin to leak gasoline. This means that the fuel will not be able to reach the injector, but will instead flow through the injector body. After checking the fuel injector, you will notice gasoline outside or at the nearest fuel rail. Often the leak is caused by a defective fuel injector seal that gets worse over time.

No. 6. Smell of fuel

This symptom appears along with a fuel leak, but the smell of gasoline can also be felt when the fuel does not burn due to a damaged injector, or a stuck injector remains open. Sometimes the problem may be the fuel lines or a faulty sensor that is telling the ECU to supply more fuel than necessary. Either way, you need to find the cause of the gasoline smell and eliminate it before it becomes a major safety hazard.

No. 7. Overspeeding the engine

If the fuel injector sprays too much fuel into the engine cylinder, it causes the engine to over-rev, causing acceleration to become much slower. As you drive, you will notice that the engine speed will vary significantly under constant load rather than remaining constant.

No. 8. High fuel consumption

If the engine does not receive the amount of fuel required for combustion, this results in an increase in the injector's need for additional fuel and more fuel consumption due to the fuel supply that the vehicle's ECU thinks is necessary.

No. 9. Poor exhaust gas test results

Since a broken or leaking fuel injector can lead to uneven or incomplete fuel combustion, it can also lead to increased emissions. In some cases, a leaking fuel injector will cause the air/fuel mixture to become so rich that it will eventually destroy the catalytic converter.

Cleaning cost

Fuel injectors don't last forever, but you can take steps to extend their life as much as possible. Many experts recommend cleaning the injectors every 30,000 miles (50,000 kilometers) or so to keep them from clogging and preventing fuel from spraying into the cylinder.

Fuel injector cleaner

Using a bottle of fuel injector cleaner is a good and fairly inexpensive preventative. You will have to pay approximately $10-$15 for a bottle of cleaner. You should use one bottle around the time of your regular oil change, but if your injectors are already showing signs of clogging, you can use the cleaner every time you fill up your gas tank.

Professional cleaning of fuel injectors

More severe cases of dirty or clogged injectors require more expensive professional cleaning. For this service you will have to pay about 50–100 dollars. Some companies will even let you send them dirty injectors - they'll clean each one for about $15-$20 and then ship it back. This will probably be a particularly thorough cleaning, but it will mean you won't be able to use your car for a while.

Do-it-yourself fuel injector cleaning kit

Alternatively, professional part-time or full-time mechanics can purchase a fuel injector cleaning kit, which typically pays for itself after a few uses. A good kit (like this OTC kit) will include a variety of adapters that will allow you to work on most fuel injected vehicles.

Replacement cost

Fortunately, most fuel injector problems can be fixed with professional cleaning or (in case of leaks) replacement of the O-rings. However, if the fuel injector cracks or breaks, a replacement is necessary, which can be very expensive.

Although fuel injectors are separate parts, they are designed to work together with other injectors. So if you are wondering whether you should replace just one injector or all of them, the answer will almost always be ALL.

Depending on the make and model of your car, you could spend between $800 and $1,450 for a complete fuel injector replacement. Parts alone cost between $600 and $1,200, and labor costs between $200 and $250. Of course, exceptions are possible. Using non-original spare parts can help save money, because the cost of replacing injectors for some brands or models of cars sometimes exceeds $2,000. Thus, it is worth taking a closer look at this option.

A comment

How to clean?

There are three ways to clean injector nozzles yourself. The first is the simplest, but can only help in case of minor contamination. You don't even need to remove the injectors from the engine. There is a special cleaner, which is a kind of fuel additive. This additive should be periodically added to the tank for preventive purposes. You can try to remove more serious contaminants in this way, but this may lead to the fact that, under the influence of the cleaning components, all the dirt will enter the injector fuel pump, as well as the fine fuel filter. This may cause additional problems for the engine.

The second method of cleaning injector nozzles is much more effective, however, it does not involve removing them from the engine. You can do everything yourself, but to perform the procedure you will need a special device that connects to the injectors instead of the engine power system.

It is filled with a special solvent that has extremely high cleaning power. The engine is started and this device begins to operate. The injector nozzles are completely cleaned after just twenty minutes of injector operation.

How to clean the injectors yourself without removing them from the engine

During the diagnostic process, a common cause of unstable engine operation is that the injection nozzles are clogged. There are several ways to clean injectors, among which mechanical, ultrasonic or cleaning using special chemical compounds can be used.

In some cases, pouring a special injector cleaner additive into the fuel tank is enough to normalize the operation of the entire system. It is also recommended to rev the engine to high speeds at certain intervals and accelerate the car to 110-130 km/h. on flat sections of the path. In this mode you need to drive 10-20 kilometers. Continuous operation of the injectors under load allows for so-called self-cleaning.

Cleaning the injector should be done as a preventive measure, and not after signs of malfunction appear. If the car is operated in city driving mode on fuel of questionable quality, then the interval of preventive measures should be reduced in relation to individual operating conditions.

When and why you need to remove fuel injectors from the engine. Removing injectors on gasoline and diesel engines: features of the dismantling process.

Cleaning a car injector without removing the injectors. Methods for cleaning injectors with removal on a cavitation stand. Ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation.

Malfunctions of diesel injectors, checking and self-identification of problems. Cleaning diesel engine injector nozzles, regulating injection pressure.

Common diesel engine malfunctions and diagnostics of units of this type. Checking the fuel system of a diesel engine, useful tips.

Operating principle and distinctive features of gas injectors. Basic parameters when choosing nozzles for gas equipment 4. Which gas injectors are best to buy.

Features of operation and causes of malfunctions of diesel injectors. How to independently remove, troubleshoot, disassemble and repair diesel engine injectors.

How to troubleshoot injector problems?

To identify the causes of an injector malfunction, you need to go through half of the car. It takes a lot of time and effort. Special diagnostic equipment is required.

Advanced cases occur among drivers who do not monitor the condition of the car. Requires time and material costs to fix the problem.

Many drivers have an indecently dirty injection system. Lack of competent maintenance and low-quality fuel take their toll.

Computer diagnostics.

The beginning of any renovation. Clarifies the causes of malfunctions. Special equipment is used.

Fuel injection system.

Represented by nozzles prone to contamination. It has a complex design, which makes it difficult to perform maintenance on your own without outside help.

Failure to promptly replace the fuel filter results in small dirt particles entering the injector nozzles. Normal supply of gasoline is difficult. Ultrasound is used to remove dirt and the filter is replaced.

Fuel pump.

Located in the fuel tank. Serves to supply gasoline to the injectors. Long-term operation of the pump leads to wear of its working elements.

A typical malfunction is an insufficient amount of fuel supplied to the injectors. This leads to unstable operation of the injection system. The pump cannot be repaired and must be replaced together with the fuel tank.

The injector is a reliable fuel supply system. She lost the fight to new technologies. The new generation ICE (internal combustion engine) has low fuel consumption and lower emissions of harmful substances. The injector is prone to contamination and high fuel consumption.

Thank you for your attention, good luck on your journey. Read, comment and ask questions. Subscribe to fresh and interesting articles on the site.

Cleaning Priora injectors

There are two options for washing injectors: with and without removing them from the car. The removed injectors are washed on special stands using ultrasound, under the influence of which even the oldest contaminants disappear. Ordinary drivers do not have such stands, so below we will consider a more popular option for washing injectors without removing them from the Priora. Here's what you'll need for this:

Flushing sequence

Ordinary car nipples are inserted into the holes of a plastic bottle

Priora injectors are washed using a filter and a plastic bottle

The green button is clearly visible on the Priora fuel hose

The main fuel hose of the Priora is connected to the fuel filter for flushing

The device for washing Priora injectors is assembled and ready for use

A car water pump plays an important role in the operation of a car engine. It is possible to recognize its malfunctions using the following article: https://vazweb.ru/desyatka/pitanie/zamena-forsunok-vaz-2114.html

Causes of pollution

Contaminants enter the fuel system of injection cars along with gasoline. Low-quality fuel can contain a huge amount of harmful impurities and particles. Fuel filters block the path of mechanical particles. Their timely replacement provides a guarantee against such particles larger than 10 microns. However, high-quality gasoline inevitably contributes to the contamination of the fuel system and, in particular, the injectors. It necessarily contains wax, as well as tars and olefins, which accumulate on the walls and clog the nozzles. Injector seats, as well as their locking elements, become covered with hard resinous deposits over time. These deposits can significantly degrade performance, and sometimes even lead to injector failure.

Manufacturers of fuel equipment are trying to look for new technologies, as well as improve the designs of existing injectors to prevent their rapid contamination. They are using more and more new materials in production, increasing the accuracy of technological processes, but they have still not been able to completely eliminate the possibility of clogging. Therefore, you should avoid little-known gas stations, where it is very easy to run into poor quality fuel. In addition, it is also undesirable to use fuel that has been stored in cans for a long time. Resins accumulate at the bottom, which can clog filters and settle on nozzles, thereby accelerating the appearance of deposits. For prevention, you can use cleaning additives that motorists add to the tank with their own fuel along with the fuel. Following these simple recommendations will help keep the fuel system clean throughout the life of the vehicle.

Flushing the fuel system as a whole

It is recommended to flush the fuel system every time after 15-20 thousand kilometers, and in most cases the problems described above simply will not arise. For diesel engines that operate with domestic diesel fuel (diesel fuel, which contains about 2% sulfur), the mileage from flush to flush is 10 thousand kilometers.

Society is asking a very pressing question - what to wash with? Cleaning liquids are produced by many manufacturers. After conducting many tests and experiments, Russian products, such as “Moidodyr” or “Toilet Duckling”, unfortunately, cannot boast of quality. More or less high-quality solvents, according to some experimental companies, are produced by Germany (LIQUI MOLY), Belgium (WYNN*S), USA (HI-GEAR). The best, according to the results of independent tests carried out, is the American cleaning fluid. In terms of its ability to remove old deposits and cleaning properties, this solvent turned out to be 25% better than other solvents in its task.

After the installation has completed its operation , it is recommended to continue the cleaning procedure by driving 10 km at high speed, with temperature and pressure serving as a catalyst, i.e. During movement, sludge softened by a solvent is removed from the fuel system, combustion chamber, intake valves and piston group heads. After the flushing is completed, it is strongly recommended to change the oil filter and engine oil, due to the fact that a small amount of special cleaning fluid still gets into the oil system, although this cannot harm the engine, since the concentration of the special fluid , getting into the oil, is extremely small and is not capable of changing the chemical properties of the oil. But, nevertheless, it is recommended to flush the fuel system along with a scheduled oil change . In our country, unfortunately, it is almost impossible to find a station where they remember about oil when cleaning injectors themselves, and not at the suggestion of the car owner.

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Diesel engine noises indicating a malfunction

Every fan knows the sound of his car's engine. As a rule, it is quiet and measured, without any admixture of extraneous noise. However, the appearance of extraneous sounds, and especially knocking, gives many vehicle owners cause for concern. The reasons for knocking can be very diverse. Some indicate the need for scheduled maintenance, others indicate serious malfunctions and the need for urgent repairs of the diesel engine.

Among all kinds of engine problems, knocking noise when running a diesel engine is the most common occurrence. It is important to distinguish engine noise from the sound of the chassis. It is impossible to determine in absentia the cause of the knocking without conducting engine diagnostics, since many elements of the system can produce similar noises. Knocking can occur either from an insufficiently tightened part or from a failed motor element. In any case, you should not postpone your visit to the car service center.

Operating principle of a diesel engine injector

Let us describe the design of the part using the example of a primitive mechanical injector with 1 spring. In the side part there is a channel that provides a continuous supply of diesel fuel. Inside the nozzle chamber there is a movable barrier with a spring and a needle, which lowers as pressure increases. The needle rises, clearing the path of fuel to the atomizer.

Additionally, more advanced types of nozzles can be noted:

Piezoelectric: the spring pusher is lowered under the influence of a piezoelectric element. This technology ensures high intensity of opening of the nozzle: fuel savings are achieved, while the internal combustion engine operates more smoothly.
Electrohydraulic: the design includes inlet and drain throttles, as well as an electromechanical valve. The operating mode of the components is regulated by the engine control unit.
Pump injectors: used in engines that do not have a high pressure fuel pump. Fuel is supplied directly to the injectors. Inside such spray devices there is its own plunger pair, which generates the pressure necessary for injection.

Due to excessive loads, the injector may fail due to a violation of the engine operating mode. Manufacturers claim a parts life of up to 200,000 km, but due to negative operational factors, wear of parts appears much earlier.

How is diagnostics carried out?

You should know that car injectors are classified into several types. Today, two of them are in use: conventional and electric injection elements (magnetic).

Electric or, more correctly, electromagnetic injectors (EMF) are equipped with a special valve that supplies fuel. It, the valve, is controlled by the power unit ECU using sent pulses.

As for mechanical injectors, they open as the gasoline pressure in the injector increases, i.e., automatically.

On modern cars, the first variants of injectors are often installed - EMF.

Checking the injector itself without removing it

Injector testing can be done in several ways. However, the simplest of them is in use, and this is not surprising. It makes it possible to quickly test the injectors without even removing them from the car. The fundamental factor in such diagnostics is the analysis of the noise emitted by the motor during operation.

Checking the injector

If a muffled high-frequency noise is heard from under the hood, this indicates the importance of cleaning the injectors or a problem with one of them.

Checking power supply

It is recommended to check how the power is going. This test option is carried out only when the injectors themselves are functioning flawlessly, but difficulties are observed with starting.

Here's how this kind of diagnosis is carried out:

According to the result, the following conclusions are drawn:

Another test option involves using an ohmmeter. This method allows you to measure the resistance on the injectors, and draw conclusions accordingly.

This is done as follows.

Analysis of the operation of injectors on the ramp

This method already involves dismantling the fuel rail.
The injectors, of course, are removed along with the ramp. Then reconnect all electrical contacts to the ramp (after all, they are thrown off during dismantling). The negative terminal of the battery, which was removed earlier, also returns to its place. Anyone can check the injector nozzle with their own hands. It is not necessary to go straight to a car service center if you encounter another problem. An experienced motorist should be able to do some repairs himself.

Fuel injector - what is it?

The injector is an important mechanism of the fuel system and is intended for timely and dosed supply of fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

It is a mechanical fuel sprayer into the engine cylinders. Its main feature is to ensure precise dosage of fuel injection at a certain time point.

In the modern automotive industry, these parts are used on both gasoline and diesel engines, since they provide fuel supply in strictly limited portions and at a given point in time.

The development of this fuel supply system in automobiles began in the 60s. Currently, there are three types of injectors depending on the injection method:

The electrohydraulic version is used in engines running on diesel fuel, as well as in engines with a Common Rail fuel system . It has a more complex device, structurally consisting of a control chamber, a valve, an inlet throttle and a drain channel. Its operation is based on the use of the already existing high pressure of the fuel mixture in the system. At the initial stage, the valve is closed and the needle is pressed as much as possible against its seat in the control chamber. Then the valve opens and fuel enters the injector through the drain throttle. It flows from the control chamber into the drain line. At this time, the intake throttle prevents the rapid equalization of pressure in the combustion chamber and in the intake manifold. In this case, as the pressure on the piston decreases, its clamping force weakens, and since the pressure on the needle does not change, it rises, and at this moment fuel is injected. A description of the operating principle of this type gives an understanding of why a diesel injector leaks.
An electromagnetic injector is usually installed in gasoline engines . They have a simple device consisting of a solenoid-type valve, a nozzle and a spray needle. The operating principle of this type of part is also simple. Voltage is supplied to the injector winding strictly at the set time, in accordance with the programmed program. The voltage creates a certain electromagnetic field, which pulls the weight with the needle out of the valve, thereby opening the nozzle to inject the required amount of fuel. After which the voltage decreases, the needle returns to its original position and the nozzle closes. A description of the operating principle of this type gives an understanding of why injectors on a gasoline engine leak.
The piezoelectric variety is by far the most advanced and promising among the three listed devices for injecting fuel into engine cylinders . Its scope of application is diesel internal combustion engines with a Common Rail fuel supply system. Structurally, it consists of a pusher, a special piezoelectric element, and a needle. It works on the principle of a hydraulic mechanism. Initially, the needle is placed in the valve seat due to the high pressure of the vehicle acting on it. After applying an electrical signal to the piezoelectric element, its length increases, and it literally pushes the pusher piston, which in turn presses on the switching valve piston. This leads to the opening of the switching valve, through which fuel flows into the drain line, the pressure in the upper part of the needle decreases and, due to the unchanged pressure from below, the needle rises. When the needle rises, fuel is injected.

How to restore the performance of a VAZ-2114 engine: expert advice

Automotive repair experts recommend that motorists use several tips to restore the functioning of a VAZ-2114 engine that is tripping.

First tip: check and replace the electronic control unit.

Second tip: check and replace the oxygen sensor.

Third tip: check the functionality of the crankshaft position sensor. This can be done using the electronic control unit. This device will generate an error if the crankshaft position sensor is faulty. This means you will have to replace it with a new one.

Fourth tip: check and replace the ignition coil.

Fifth tip: check and replace the air filter.

Sixth tip: check the correct placement of the timing belt.

Important nuances

There are a few things to keep in mind when cleaning your injectors. Here they are:

Flushing fluid from Wynns is the best option for Priora injectors

The plastic bottle must be removed carefully after washing the Priora injectors.

Replacing injectors is a long procedure. Nevertheless, it is quite within the power of a novice driver if he has at least a vague understanding of the structure of an injection engine. When cleaning the injectors, the situation is much simpler: you just need to be able to use a drill and know where the main fuel hose is located.

Source

Cleaning the nozzle without removing it

In this case, cleaning can be carried out using several methods:

conclusions

Problems with the operation of the injectors are not a critical failure, but if they occur, we recommend that you do not delay checking and eliminating the malfunction. In most cases, repair work can be carried out independently using the methods described above. Timely checking and diagnostics of injectors will allow you to avoid problems with the operation of the machine. Prevention will cost you less than repair work on injectors or other engine components. We recommend that you clean the injectors every 30.35 thousand kilometers of your car, regardless of their condition.

Source

Possible malfunctions of diesel injectors

The most common cause of malfunction is a malfunction of the needle in the nozzle guide sleeve. If its value is reduced, then a large amount of fuel flows through the new gap. In particular, for a new injector, a leak of no more than 4% of the working fuel that enters the cylinder is allowed. In general, the amount of fuel from the injectors should be the same. You can detect a fuel leak at the injector as follows:

find information about what pressure should be when opening the needle in the injector (it will be different for each engine);
remove the nozzle and install it on the test bench;
create obviously high pressure on the nozzle;
Using a stopwatch, measure the time after which the pressure drops by 50 kgf/cm2 (50 atmospheres) from the recommended value.

Checking the injector on the stand

This time is also specified in the technical documentation for the engine. Typically for new injectors it is 15 seconds or more. If the nozzle is worn, this time can be reduced to 5 seconds. If the time is less than 5 seconds, then the injector is already inoperative. You can read additional information on how to repair diesel injectors (replace nozzles) in the additional material.

If the injector valve seat is worn out (it does not hold the required pressure and excessive drainage occurs), repairs are useless and will cost more than half the cost of a new one (which is about 10 thousand rubles).

Sometimes a diesel injector may leak a small or heavy amount of fuel. And if in the second case only repairs and a complete replacement of the nozzle are necessary, then in the first case you can do it yourself. In particular, it is necessary to grind the needle to the seat. After all, the main reason for leakage is a violation of the seal at the end of the needle (another name is a sealing cone).

To remove leaks from a diesel injector, thin GOI grinding paste is often used, which is diluted with kerosene. During lapping, it is necessary to ensure that the paste does not get into the gap between the needle and the bushing. At the end of the work, all elements are washed in kerosene or diesel fuel without impurities. After this, you need to blow them with compressed air from the compressor. After assembly, check again for leaks.

conclusions

Partially failed injectors are not critical, but a very unpleasant breakdown . After all, their incorrect operation leads to a significant load on other components of the power unit. In general, the machine can be operated with clogged or misconfigured injectors, but it is advisable to carry out repairs as quickly as possible. This will keep your car engine in working condition, which will save you from even greater financial expenses. So, when the first symptoms of unstable operation of the injectors on your diesel car appear, we recommend that you at least check the functionality of the injector in an elementary way, which, as you can see, anyone can do at home.

A modern diesel engine is a high-precision fuel supply and injection system. However, modern diesel is not the most reliable unit. In many ways, the reliability of a diesel engine is not related to the design of the system itself, but rather depends more on the quality of the fuel used in the vehicle. And since diesel fuel in Russia is not of the best quality, breakdowns often occur in the diesel system. Due to low-quality fuel, owners of diesel cars most often have to contact a service station to repair injectors. Unlike gasoline injectors, which are most often completely replaced and not repaired, diesel injectors can be repaired. In order to understand whether injector repair is necessary, let’s try to understand a little theory.

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The injector is pouring into the cylinder: causes and solutions to the problem

Issues discussed in the material:

What functions does an injector perform in a car?
How to check that the injector is flowing
How to clean an injector
Why is it better to go to a service station when the injector is pouring into a diesel engine cylinder?

The fuel system of the car has changed significantly since its invention. A modern car can consume less fuel by smoothly adjusting the speed thanks to the dosed supply of the mixture. The engine injectors that make up the injection system are responsible for this function. This technology replaced the classic carburetor design, surpassing the latter in all respects. However, the injector is also susceptible to breakdowns. In particular, sometimes a situation arises when the injector pours into the engine cylinder. Why does this happen and how to deal with it? This will be discussed in this article.

Checking injectors using special instruments

A more serious check of diesel engine injectors is carried out using a device called a maximeter . This name refers to a special model nozzle with a spring and scale. With their help, the pressure at the start of diesel fuel injection is set.

Another verification method is to use a control model working injector , with which the devices used in the engine are compared. All diagnostics are performed with the engine running. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

dismantle the injector and fuel line from the engine;
a tee is connected to the free fitting of the fuel injection pump;
loosen the union nuts on other fuel injection pump fittings (this will allow fuel to flow to only one injector);
the control and tested nozzles are connected to the tee;
activate the decompression mechanism;
rotate the crankshaft.

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Ideally, the control and tested injectors should show the same results regarding the simultaneous start of fuel injection. If there are deviations, it means that the nozzle needs to be adjusted.

The control sample method usually takes longer than the maximeter method. However, it is more accurate and reliable. You can also check the operation of the engine and injectors of a diesel engine and fuel injection pump on a special adjustment stand. However, they are only available at specialized service stations.