The automotive market does not stand still; manufacturers are constantly improving car engine power, fuel consumption, aerodynamic values, and coming up with options for changing overall comfort. The main and obvious improvement was the transition from the use of a carburetor method of power supply to a more efficient injection system.
How does the latter work? Regulates the quantitative supply of fuel according to a single dosage for the operation of the power plant in different formats of activity. This allows you to reduce the amount of air consumption and ensure maximum power output from the power structure.
However, mechanics argue that the design of the carburetor system is technologically simpler, because the carburetor operates mechanically, which means that the mechanism can be assumed to be highly reliable. The VAZ-2110 is equipped with such a system. The advantage of the device is that the fuel-air mass is formed in the carburetor and in the cylinders through vacuum, which is created by the pistons.
What is a DMRV?
This device is very necessary in order to determine the volume of air that fills the combustion chambers when the engine is running. The sensor is usually installed after the air filter in the power system.
When driving, the automobile power unit is supplied with 1 volume of fuel, as well as 14 equal parts of air. This prepares the correct fuel-air mixture. This is the key to proper operation of the motor in the most optimal modes for it. For any violation of this ratio, the car owner will observe either increased fuel consumption, or a decrease in the power of the power unit, or both. If you know the signs of a malfunction of the mass air flow sensor, it is easy to identify a breakdown of the device.
The mass air flow sensor is necessary in order to accurately measure the required amount of air. This amount is calculated in the sensor itself and then sent to the ECU, where, based on these data, the required amount of fuel will be calculated.
The more the driver presses the accelerator pedal, the more air enters the combustion chambers. The sensor records the amount and sends a special command to the ECU to increase the volume of injected fuel. If the car is to run or drive more smoothly, then a small amount of air will be needed. This is why you need a mass air flow sensor. It measures the required volumes of air for engine operation with maximum accuracy.
Measuring the volume of air means determining the load that will be applied to the motor. When you press the accelerator pedal, the throttle valve opens and the volume of air received increases.
Sensor device
The sensor itself is a combination of two sensors - control and working, as well as a heating resistor.
View of the flow meter from the grid side.
The sensor is disassembled.
The platinum thread is visible in this photo.
As a result, air flow and temperature are converted into electrical impulses understandable to the ECU. This is a very gentle and accurate device; it allows you to calculate the cyclic filling of the cylinders with air and updates the parameters every 0.1 s.
Mass air flow sensor diagram.
The working body of the sensor is a heated platinum thread. It heats up to operating temperature (from 100 to 1000 degrees), and when air enters, it cools down. The amount by which the filament temperature drops is converted into an electrical signal and, based on this value, the ECU calculates the mass and temperature of the air entering the combustion chamber. And based on this data, it prepares the required portion of fuel. In short - yes.
Principle of operation
The piston stroke occurs when fuel is burned with air in a ratio of 1:14, maintaining which ensures optimal operation of the power plant. When the proportion decreases or increases, the engine does not stop working, but there is excessive fuel consumption or a decrease in engine operating power. We need a mass air flow sensor so that air flows in portions. The operation of the unit proceeds as follows: the VAZ 2110 air flow sensor calculates the portion of fresh air, and then sends the data to the main computer, which, based on this information, calculates the portion of fuel.
The harder you push the gas, the more filtered air the powerplant requires. The mass flow sensor detects the increase and commands the electronics to increase the amount of fuel. When moving at the same speed, each portion should be equal to the previous one. The mass air flow sensor receives data on the load of the power unit, and then calculates the required portion of air. When the driver presses the pedal, the throttle valve opens, thereby increasing the volume of intake air - the load increases. When the pedal is released, the load drops.
Damaged sensor due to dust
Symptoms and consequences of failure of the mass flow sensor
This important part controls the amount of incoming air as well as gasoline. The mass air flow sensor transmits all information to the electronic control unit. Based on them, the controller can mix fuel with air in precise proportions. If it malfunctions, then due to a poor-quality mixture, the dynamics of the car will deteriorate, fuel consumption will increase, and the engine will significantly lose power.
The main element of the sensor is a resistor. During operation, resins accumulate on its surface, which often cause malfunctions during the operation of the mass air flow sensor. The degree of contamination of this device directly depends on the cleanliness of the air filter.
The following symptoms indicate problems with the sensor:
- intermittent engine operation without load;
- increased idle speed;
- excessive “thoughtfulness” when accelerating the car, jerking, twitching, failures;
- problems starting a cold engine;
- a sharp increase in fuel consumption.
If one or more signs appear, then it becomes necessary to further check the sensor. For this purpose, you can use a multifunction tester (multimeter).
The check must be carried out in the following order:
- First you need to switch the device to voltmeter mode, setting the upper sensitivity limit to 2 Volts.
- Install the device probes on the yellow and green wires, which are located inside the sensor connection socket.
- Start the ignition.
Normally, the voltage should be 0.0099-0.02 Volts. If this value is 0.03 Volts or higher, then the mass air flow sensor needs to be cleaned.
If you don’t have a voltmeter, you can check the functionality of the device in a simpler way. To do this, you need to remove the sensor and close the air duct damper. After this, start the engine and let it run at 2000 rpm. If under such circumstances the power unit works better, then the problem is in the sensor. It needs to be cleaned immediately.
Basic faults
The mass air flow sensor rarely fails and requires repair, but it is important to know what the signs of its malfunction are:
- Fuel consumption increases. This can be determined by the on-board computer. If the flow meter malfunctions, fuel consumption increases by a liter or more.
- The car's power decreases.
- Uneven operation of the power unit. The car either accelerates slowly or picks up speed too quickly.
- The engine does not start or does not start the first time.
- Idle speed is floating.
The listed signs do not necessarily indicate a breakdown of the flow meter; the reasons may be the malfunction of other devices, which will require their repair. Therefore, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the flow meter.
What are the malfunctions of the mass air flow sensor in the VAZ-2110
The MAF indicators determine the correct mixture formation of the air-fuel mass in the VAZ-2110. Malfunctions and inaccuracies in the coordinated operation of all components of a single sensor system provoke problems in the operation of the device, and it may also be impossible to start the engine in the car.
Checking the serviceability of the mass air flow sensor with a multimeter
You can also check the air flow in the VAZ-2110 using a multimeter.
This method is well suited if the car has a Bosch sensor with numbers 0280218004, 0280218037, 0280218116. Each cable in the VAZ-2110 sensor device provides separate functions:
- yellow – indicates the signal input to the installation;
- gray-white – removes supply voltage from the mechanism;
- green – determines the grounding output;
- pink with black - approaches the main relay.
Note that the wire colors may change, but the pinouts remain the same. For a better understanding of the mass air flow sensor in the VAZ-2110, a diagram of the sensor is presented below.
Step-by-step instructions for checking the mass air flow sensor in a VAZ-2110 with a multimeter look like this:
- Turn on the ignition, but do not start the engine.
- Connect the multimeter with the red wire to the yellow, black to green, using a probe. This procedure allows you to determine the voltage that has arisen between the terminals.
- What’s good about the probe is that it is inserted through rubber seals along the wires without violating the integrity of the insulating material. The use of needles is considered incorrect; the error in measurements may be large.
- Next, take readings from the multimeter.
The output voltage of the new device varies from 0.996 to 1.01 Volts. During operation, the values may change, mostly increasing. A higher voltage indicator indicates a greater degree of wear on the mass air flow sensor:
- from 1.01 to 1.02 – the sensor is fully operational;
- from 1.02 to 1.03 – the condition is not bad;
- from 1.04 to 1.04 - soon the air meter will have to be changed;
- from 1.04 to 1.05 – the condition is critical, operation is possible if no negative symptoms are reported;
- more than 1.05 – it’s time to replace the sensor on the VAZ-2110 immediately.
Types of mass air flow sensors
We will consider a sensor that makes it possible to determine the volume of incoming air using the example of the VAZ 2110. In the VAZ-2110, as in other cars, the device is located inside the air pipe, near the filter, and is responsible for recording the air flow coming out of the filter.
Mass air flow sensors are constantly being improved; today there are several meters that calculate consumed air:
- The main component is a pitot tube. The plate fixed in the sensor changes position under the influence of air flow. The inclination angle of the plate is measured by a potentiometer, which in turn changes the resistance. This serves as a signal for the control unit to determine the volume of incoming air.
- The mass production of modern mass air flow sensor devices requires the presence of hot-wire measuring mechanisms in the sensors. The heat exchanger contains 2 thin plates made of platinum. After energy is supplied to the plates to warm them up, one of them remains working, and the second - control. The MAF sensor in this design makes it possible to ensure a constant, identical temperature touching the 2 plates.
- The working elements of the film meter are silicon wafers coated with platinum.
Verification methods
There are several ways to check the mass air flow sensor with your own hands.
Shutdown
One way to check the flow meter is to turn it off. To do this, you need to remove the connector that connects the mass air flow sensor to the VAZ 2110 system.
Disconnecting the connector from the device
In this case, emergency mode is activated, the amount of air required is calculated based on the throttle position. If the car moves more dynamically with the sensor disabled, it needs to be replaced or repaired; perhaps cleaning will help.
Checking with a multimeter
To check, you need a multimeter and knowledge of repairs and how to handle the tester. The measuring device must be set to constant pressure measurement mode, designated by the letter V or DCV.
Multimeter for testing
To understand the operation of the mass air flow sensor, you need to know its pinout:
- a pink or red-black wire leads to the central unit;
- green wire – grounding;
- The white-gray wire is intended for voltage output;
- The yellow wire is used to supply current to the signal input.
Replacement and installation instructions
If cleaning the system elements does not help and the cause of the malfunction is a broken mass air flow sensor, you can replace it yourself.
The procedure for replacing the mass air flow sensor on a VAZ 2110 with your own hands consists of the following steps:
- First of all, you need to turn off the engine and remove the ignition key.
- Next, remove the flow meter connector.
- After unscrewing the screws securing the clamps, you need to disconnect the hose of the intake pipe, which is attached to the air filter housing.
Disconnected intake pipe hose - Next, remove the mass air flow sensor. Before installing a new consumable, you should clean or rinse its seat.
- Assembly is carried out in reverse order.
This completes replacing the flow meter on a VAZ 2110 with your own hands. You can check the engine's operation by driving a short distance.
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Symptoms of a malfunction of the mass air flow sensor on a VAZ-2110
Now about the symptoms of a malfunction of the mass air flow sensor. You need to understand that you can definitely blame the mass air flow sensor only after accurate computer diagnostics of the engine management system. Even the on-board computer can easily make mistakes. However, we will try to identify the breakdown without involving specialists.
Symptoms of a sensor malfunction may coincide with symptoms of other malfunctions :
- Increased or floating idle speed.
- It is impossible to adjust the CO level at idle.
- The engine stalls immediately after starting, the speed is maintained only when the throttle is open.
- Increased fuel consumption.
- The Check Engine light comes on.
- Dips when changing speed, loss of power and dynamics.
The symptoms, as we see, are standard for any malfunction of the power and ignition systems. This means that a more detailed check and verification of the parameters with the nominal ones is necessary.
Check: parameters and compatibility
Sensor for Bosch M 7.9.7 controller – number 0 280 212 116 according to the VAZ catalog.
The difficulty in calculating the parameters and ratings of the sensor lies in the fact that different devices with different ratings were installed at VAZ at different times and on different engines . These ratings were programmed into the electronic control unit and if we install a sensor of a different type (although visually it may be exactly the same), the control system will no longer work correctly. Dozens were equipped with sensors from GM, Bosch, Siemens , and a domestic sensor from Arzamas or Saratov .
The calibration for each of them is different. Only after 2004 did VAZ decide on the type of sensor and its ratings - this is a Bosch device of the HFM5 type in three modifications:
- the first was the mass air flow sensor HFM5-4.7 , according to the Bosch catalog its number is 0 280 212 004, and according to the VAZ catalog it is 21083-1130010-01;
- HFM5-4.7 with article number 0 280 212 037 (21083-1130010-10 according to the VAZ catalogue);
- HFM5-CL , catalog number 0 280 212 116 or 21083-1130003-20 according to the VAZ book.
Peculiarities
We conclude that the sensor is selected not by the number of valves or engine size, but solely by the firmware version and ECU model.
Bosch sensor (21083-1130010-01) for controller January version 5.1.
For example, for the Bosch M7.9.7 ECU it is necessary to use the Bosch mass air flow sensor 0 280 212 116, and for the January controller version 5.1 - only Bosch 21083-1130010-01. That is, even if a sensor is installed from the factory that does not correspond to the ECU firmware, you cannot expect correct engine operation and normal fuel consumption. By the way, there are often cases when sensors were installed from the factory that do not correspond to the firmware version. Therefore, the first check is for compatibility. And then we take a multimeter and go into battle.
Prevention and testing of mass air flow sensor on VAZ 2110
As a preventive measure, we can recommend timely replacement of the air filter. The use of sports zeros shortens the life of the flow meter. In any case, regular cleaning of the air flow sensor will not hurt.
- We disconnect the sensor connector, having first removed the ground from the battery.
- Carefully unscrew the flow meter housing from the intake manifold flange.
- If dust deposits are detected, blow out the cavities with compressed air.
- Of course, you also need to clean the air duct and air filter box at the same time.
Tip: It is recommended to repeat this operation every time you replace the air filter.
If the contamination is severe (with oil and moisture), you can use a special cleaner for flow meters or carburetors; the manufacturer does not matter. To do this, it is necessary to direct the jet not only to visible sensors, but also to hidden cavities where the platinum resistor (thread) is located.
After this, the flow meter is installed in its regular place and the functionality of the electronic part is checked.
Replacing the air flow sensor
To replace the VAZ 2110 mass air flow sensor, you need a part suitable for this model (the new sensor must have the same markings as the old one). In terms of selection, there are three price categories:
- Chinese-made sensors (relatively inexpensive);
- mid-price sensors from the manufacturer AvtoVAZ and some foreign manufacturers;
- high-quality and reliable, but quite expensive imported sensors;
When choosing a new sensor, you should focus on both the price and the manufacturer (Siemens, Bosch, etc.). In any case, you can buy a VAZ mass air flow sensor at any auto supply store, taking into account financial capabilities and personal preferences.
We also recommend reading the article about what kind of oil to pour into a VAZ 2110 gearbox. From this article you will learn about the features of selecting a VAZ 2110 gearbox, how much oil is in a 2110 gearbox, and what you need to consider when choosing a lubricant.
Replacing the mass air flow sensor itself involves dismantling the old device and installing a new one. The procedure is quite simple, accessible to every car owner and can be done with your own hands. Before replacing the sensor, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory work:
- buy a mass air flow sensor with the same markings as on the body of the old sensor;
- prepare the necessary set of tools, screwdrivers of different sizes, wrenches or socket wrenches or wrenches with socket heads;
- multimeter (if necessary).
General procedure:
- Place the car on a level surface, lift the hood, remove the negative terminal from the battery;
- disconnect the mass air flow sensor connector;
- loosen the fastening screw of the corrugated hose with the mass air flow sensor housing;
- using a “10” wrench, disconnecting the hose, unscrew the two mounting bolts of the sensor with the air filter housing;
- Remove the old sensor housing and replace it with a new one, installing it in the reverse order of removal.
Please note that after the repair it is necessary to make a test drive to check the dynamics and power. You may also need to replace the air filter if the existing filter element is too dirty. It is also recommended to blow out the air filter housing with a compressor before assembly.
Methods for checking sensor functionality
How to check the flow meter yourself? There are several diagnostic options, we suggest you familiarize yourself with each of them (the author of the video is the Bezdelnik TV channel).
The first method is to disable the sensor
This verification method is the simplest. Every car owner can do it. The first step is to turn off the sensor. To do this, you just need to unplug the connector. Then you should start the engine. As a result, the ECU controller will go into emergency mode. And the supply of the fuel mixture will be regulated only using the throttle valve. Idle speed will be around 1500 rpm. After this, you need to check in by car. If the car has improved its dynamic acceleration characteristics, then it makes sense to look for signs of a malfunction of the mass air flow sensor.
Method No. 2 - flashing the electronic control unit
If the standard firmware has been changed, then it is unknown what reaction of the controller is programmed in it in case of an emergency. In this case, you should try to insert a 1mm thick plate under the throttle stop. The turnover should increase. Now you need to pull out the chip from the air flow meter. If the power unit continues to work, then the cause of the malfunction is the firmware.
Method No. 3 - installing a working sensor
Install a known good part and start the engine. If after replacement it begins to work better, the motor does not stall, then replacement or repair of the device is required.
Method No. 4 - visual inspection
To do this, use a Phillips screwdriver to unscrew the clamp holding the air collector corrugation. Then you need to disconnect the corrugation and inspect the internal surfaces of the air collector corrugation and the sensor.
Inspection of duct corrugation
There should be no traces of oil or condensation on them, the surfaces should be dry and clean. If you do not take care of the air filter and change it rarely, then dirt can get on the sensitive element of the sensor and cause it to break. This is the most common malfunction. Traces of oil may appear in the flow meter if the oil level in the crankcase is high, or if the oil sump of the crankcase ventilation system is clogged. If necessary, you need to clean the surfaces using special cleaning products.
How to check the status of the mass air flow sensor in a VAZ-2110
In order for checking the mass air flow sensor in the VAZ-2110 to show the correct result, experts recommend using one of the following methods:
- First, you should disconnect the device connector and start the VAZ-2110 engine. After the sensor is disconnected, the controller begins to operate in emergency format and, based on the position of the throttle valve, prepares the fuel mass. As for the engine speed when checking the condition of the mass air flow sensor in the VAZ-2110, their number should not exceed the established 1500 revolutions per minute. Now get behind the wheel of a car and try to drive. If it seems that the car has begun to drive faster, it means that your assumptions have been confirmed - the mass air flow sensor is indeed faulty.
- If the standard firmware was previously replaced with some other one, it is extremely difficult to understand what is in it during an emergency operation. In this case, slide a plate whose thickness is close to 1 mm under the damper stop. The revs will immediately increase. Now remove the chip from the sensor. If the engine continues to run, it’s all a matter of the sensor’s firmware, or, to be even more precise, in the IAC steps in the emergency version without a mass air flow sensor.
- External inspection includes unscrewing the air intake corrugation clamp at the outlet of the mechanism. Pull it off and inspect the internal structure of the sensor and corrugation. Ideally, they should be dry and clean; the presence of condensation and oil solution are unacceptable signs.
If the air filter is not replaced regularly, the sensitive component of the sensor often fails, so make sure that the part is installed in a timely manner. As for the oil, there may be too much of it in the engine crankcase or the oil separator built into the ventilation is clogged.
External signs of a malfunction of the VAZ 2110 mass air flow sensor
This is the third way to diagnose the sensor. To determine its serviceability, carefully inspect the internal cavities of the air pipe where the mass air flow sensor is mounted. In order to do this, you will need a shaped screwdriver. Loosen the clamp and disconnect the corrugated pipe. The surface of the corrugation should be as dry as possible, without an oil film.
It should be noted that the main signs of a malfunction of the mass air flow sensor are dirt on the working surface. It is formed due to the fact that the air filter was not replaced in time. Oil deposits will tell the driver that the oil level in the lubrication system is high or that the oil cutter is not working properly. With these signs, the sensor may still work, but will soon fail.
Next you need to completely remove the mass air flow sensor. You will find signs of a malfunction after a visual inspection of the device. To carry out this operation, you will need a 10mm wrench. Unscrew the two screws and remove the device from the air filter housing. A rubber seal will come out with the sensor. If the seal remains in the housing, this is the main sign of imminent failure.
Video “Features of replacing a flow meter in a garage”
How the replacement procedure is carried out and what points should be taken into account when performing this task - find out from the video below (author - channel In Sandro's Garage).
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Cleaning the sensor
If you observe signs of a malfunction of the mass air flow sensor, then you can try cleaning the device.
By the way, this is the most expensive sensor of all in the line of front-wheel drive VAZ cars. But if yours is broken, don’t rush to change it. There is a small chance of restoring his “health”. For the cleaning process you will need a special liquid that is used to clean the carburetor. Star keys are also useful. Unscrew the clamp, as well as the two “10” bolts. Remove the pipe and take out the sensor. Spray the liquid onto the wire and tube. Work with extreme care, wait until this liquid has completely evaporated and leave the device to dry.
While the device is drying, remove the throttle assembly. You will see plaque inside the throttle assembly. It needs to be removed with liquid. This dirt causes problems with the entire system. Because of it, problems with the mass air flow sensor appear, signs of a malfunction of the VAZ 2115, which bother beginners on automobile forums.
Do not remove the throttle cable. Place the knot on a cloth and treat particularly dirty areas with the liquid. Don't forget to clean the idle air control valve and the space underneath it.
After this, most likely, all signs of problems with the mass air flow sensor will go away, of course, provided that the sensor has no mechanical damage. Therefore, do not wait until you have the first signs of such problems, but take such prevention this coming weekend. It won't take you much time, and your car will truly breathe. You won't recognize your engine. It will start much better, its traction will improve, and you will notice an increase in the power of your engine.
Carry out such preventive maintenance regularly, and your car will thank you.
Checking the mass air flow sensor using equipment
Since a 100% guarantee of the serviceability or malfunction of the sensor cannot be given when using the above methods, it is advisable to check it using special equipment - a motor tester. If this device is missing, it is better to contact a service center.
There is another quick way to check the mass air flow sensor. If you have a second sensor (you can ask your friends for it), the performance of which is beyond doubt, install it for comparison. Having seen and felt a significant difference before and after installing it, you can confidently conclude that your mass air flow sensor is faulty.
