How to properly light a car. Instructions

How to “light” a car correctly? This question can arise at any time, but it becomes especially relevant during the cold season. Indeed, at low temperatures, even new batteries discharge much faster. There are a number of nuances that you need to know before “lighting” a battery from another battery. In particular, technical equipment, procedures, precautions. We will tell you about all this and more in detail.

First of all, you need to decide on the situation when it makes sense to “light up.” The procedure is performed only if the battery is discharged (completely or partially). In this case, the starter rotates at insufficient speed or does not rotate at all. If the starter works normally, but the car does not start, then you need to look for the cause of the malfunction elsewhere.

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Why did the battery die?

Before telling you how to “light” a battery from another car, it’s worth explaining why it discharges quickly.

Among the reasons:

deposition of lead sulfate on the plates, which reduces the battery capacity (due to frequent discharge “to zero”, poor quality electrolyte, high current charging);
short circuit of plates having different polarities (among the reasons: crooked plate lattice, build-up on the electrodes or sludge at the bottom of the battery);
shedding of the active mass from the plate;
problems with the electrolyte (decrease in level due to water consumption, density not meeting the norm).

It turns out that the most common cause of battery problems is exhausted battery life. The easiest way to check this is with a special device - the so-called load fork, which simulates engine starting. In a “resting state,” the voltage on a working battery should be at least 12.7 volts, which corresponds to 100% charge. After 5 seconds under load, this value should not fall below 10.2 volts. If in a calm state the battery gives the norm, but after loading the test can no longer be passed, get ready to buy a new battery, otherwise you will soon have to ask to “light” the car.

When does lighting help?

You should only try to start the car using a cigarette if:

The car's electrical system is in good condition.
There is fuel in the car tank.
The spark plugs are not filled with fuel.

Lighting a cigarette from another car only helps if the battery is dead.

Jump wires

Special attention should be paid to the starting wires themselves. How to choose the right jumper wires. If they are too thin, then it is better to connect the car with a dead battery and wait 10 minutes without turning off the engine of the donor car. Then remove the wires and start the problem car. If you do not wait at least 10 minutes, the wires may simply burn out, and the startup will not happen.

Properties of high-quality wires for “lighting up” a car

To transfer energy from one machine to another you need high-quality starting wires:

length not less than 3 m;
the core is made of copper, and the wire cross-section is at least 16 mm, to protect the car’s electrics from power surges;
rubber braided wire, the cable itself sits firmly in the “crocodile” handles;
powerful springs of the handles for strong fixation;
a “graspy” clamp that guarantees good contact with the terminal and a reliable connection of the two batteries.

How to choose cigarette lighter wires

An indispensable condition for successful lighting without consequences for the batteries and on-board networks of cars is the use of special wires.

These wires are sold in stores - they usually have red and black . This is done so that when connecting the terminals the polarity is not reversed. Black is always a minus, and red is always a plus. The convenient length of the product is 3–5 meters.

When the engine starts, the starting current supplied by the battery is high, so the wires must be rated for a current of 200 A. 16 mm2 cope well with such currents (you can take more).

Buy wires with PVC insulation - it will not tan or crack in the cold. When purchasing, pay attention to alligator clips - they should be made of copper , with sharp teeth and a powerful spring. Take cigarette lighters that provide high-quality contact with crocodiles ( crimping, soldering ).

You shouldn’t skimp on buying wires – high-quality products provide results and do not cause any hassle.

Scheme for lighting from another car

that a car must have a working and fully charged battery. However, not everyone, especially beginners, follows this rule.

Hence the need to light the car early in the morning in the cold, when the starter strains to pull the overrunning clutch and cannot even engage the flywheel crown. Such troubles can happen even with a new battery. Therefore, motorists should know how to properly start a car from another battery in the donor car.

Lighting diagram for a passenger car

If we are talking about passenger cars, then connecting a charged battery to a car with a dead battery is done in the following sequence:

connect the positive terminals of the batteries with a wire ( red );
connect the black wire to the negative terminal of the donor machine;
the second end of the black wire is connected to the ground of the recipient's car.

batteries should be approximately the same in ampere meter.

Lighting diagram for trucks

On trucks, the on-board network is designed to be powered by 24 V , so two 12 Volt batteries , connected in series. Lighting for trucks follows the same pattern as for cars.

It is important that the battery that will start the car with a dead battery is fully charged.

Is it harmful to “light” a car?

Having received a request for help to start the engine of another car, the question involuntarily arises: is it harmful to “light up”, to use your car as a donor. If your new battery is fully charged, the car is running, and you have some free time, it is unethical to refuse help. The batteries must be of similar capacity and voltage, the donor machine must be of the same or higher class.

“Lighting” another car from your car is harmful and dangerous if the operation is carried out like this:

while “lighting” the car, the donor stands with the engine running;
during the “lighting” process, the ignition on the car acceptor is turned on and electrical appliances are turned on;
the donor is a smaller capacity battery;
the sequence of operations when assembling and removing connecting wires is broken;
small cross-section wires with poor-quality insulation, faulty contacts or “crocodiles” are used;
safety measures are not followed.

If the operations are performed correctly, there will be no harm to the battery and on-board network of the other car. You cannot “light” an old battery. You should refuse the donor's service if his battery is leaking or there is an acidic smell.

Before starting the engine from another car: selecting a donor and preparing for the procedure

All fears and doubts regarding lighting a car with a dead battery appeared at the dawn of the era of the introduction of electronic “brains”. Loud condemnation of the old emergency method is associated with unsuccessful attempts to power injection cars, when all the electronics burned out completely. This happened due to ignorance of the smoking technique.

It is quite clear that there is no fire without smoke - you need a donor, a bunch of conductors and solid knowledge of how to properly light a car battery from another car. It all starts with measuring the potential difference across a supposedly discharged battery. We provided all the current figures in the material, the normal battery voltage without load and with it.

If major discrepancies are identified, it is time to vote with a bunch of wires. It should be noted that at this seemingly simple stage, no one canceled logic. The wires and car of the owner who agrees to help (donor) must meet certain requirements:

The potential of the donor battery should be similar or greater than that of the battery of the problem car (recipient).
The wire cross-section is at least 16 square millimeters. This is for small cars. As engine displacement increases, the cross-sectional quadrature should increase.
The starter wiring crocs securely cling to the terminals of both batteries.
The on-board voltage of both cars corresponds to the same rating. For passenger cars it is 12 V, for trucks it is 24 V.

We do not recommend disregarding the listed comments.
If you decide to power a battery with a capacity of 100 A*h from a neighboring car with a 60-amp power source, then the neighbor will stay smoking with you: the batteries will be discharged for both of them. Thin wires will not withstand high amperage, the peak value of which is observed when the starter is operating at the recipient. The conductor will heat up and the output voltage will drop. Unreliable crocodiles question the safe outcome of the gesture of mutual assistance, since a spontaneously flying “plus” will most likely short-circuit to “ground.” Approximately the same outcome when a heavy truck comes to the aid of a passenger car: due to overvoltage in the 12-24 V connection, all the electronics “fly”. However, if there is a shortage of assistants, you can also add a large-tonnage vehicle for a separate request: ask for temporary rental of one of two series-connected 12 V batteries.

How to light a car correctly: step-by-step instructions

The following algorithm of actions will help you figure out how to properly light a car:

Park cars opposite each other at a minimum distance. The distance should be such that the cars do not touch the hoods, and the wires should be long enough for connection. As a rule, a cable of up to 5 meters is used (the most common wires are 2.5 meters long)
Turn off the engines of both cars and turn off all electrical appliances.
Open the hoods and find the battery poles.
Securely connect the positive poles of the batteries with the red wire.
Secure one negative terminal to the donor machine.
Connect the second negative terminal to any metal part of the recipient car that is not covered with paint. It is advisable to place the mounting location as far as possible from the positive pole of the battery. This procedure will allow the charged battery to start the engine.
After installing the four terminals, turn on the starter of the faulty car.
If the car does not start, then you need to start the car engine with a working battery and do not turn it off for 15 minutes.
After the specified time, turn off the donor engine and start the recipient starter. If the car still does not start, try again.
To avoid short circuits and damage to the on-board electrical networks, you need to remove the wires in this order: disconnect the terminals with the “-” sign (first from the faulty car, and then from the donor car), then the positive ones.

If the engine starts, you need to let it run for at least 20 minutes, or better yet, drive the car. During this time, the generator will begin to generate energy and charge the battery. After two unsuccessful attempts to start the car, you should not repeat the procedure. The battery has probably become completely unusable or there is another reason for the breakdown.

If the car engine does not start the second time, you need to stop the process and follow these steps:

Turn off the donor car and leave the wiring diagram unchanged;
Start the car with a working battery and let it run for ten minutes at 2000-3000 rpm. During this time, the recipient's battery will be slightly recharged and will be able to generate enough energy to start the starter;
Turn off the engine, turn off all equipment in the donor car and try to turn on the ignition of the car with a dead battery.

Video: Instructions on how to light a car

Number of attempts

Lighting a car from the battery of another car has quantitative limitations. You cannot endlessly load a donor battery without the risk of deep discharge, even if it is a high-quality Austrian Banner car battery or a powerful “American” Exide. The optimal number of unsuccessful launches is 2-3 (the maximum permissible is 4-5).

When the limit is reached, you should:

turn off the ignition of the problem vehicle;
Without disconnecting the wires, start the donor car engine for 15-30 minutes (2000-3000 rpm) to recharge the battery from the generator;
try again to start the engine of the recipient machine.
If the result is unsuccessful again, there may be an additional malfunction or a mismatch in the electrical parameters of the battery.
Which battery can you use to light a car?

It is necessary to follow two simple rules for choosing a donor car for parallel connection to a dead battery. The first condition concerns the same operating voltage and is always feasible, since most batteries for passenger cars and commercial vehicles have a 6-cell design that generates 12V. Exceptions are associated with motorcycles (6V) and heavy trucks, buses, and special equipment (24V).

The second requirement is more significant and often becomes a problem in emergency situations on the highway or in sparsely populated areas. It is unacceptable for the battery capacity of the car being lit to be greater than that of the donor. In such a situation, there is a high probability of rapid discharge of a working battery without achieving sufficient starting currents at the recipient starter.

Is it possible to light a cigarette while the car is running?

For modern car donors, this practice is fraught with serious technical problems, since, in addition to the battery, a generator and an electronic control unit are involved in the switching processes. Sudden voltage drops when starting the auto-recipient create an excessive load on controllers and electrical systems, causing instant breakdowns or reducing equipment life. Many people recommend disconnecting the negative terminal of the donor car when lighting a cigarette in order to isolate the electrical circuits from the influence of the recipient car.

Let's agree on terms right away

Before starting explanations, it is necessary to determine the correct understanding of the terms. So:

The donor car or donor battery is the one from which a charge will be supplied to the dead battery;
Recipient car or recipient battery - one that is discharged and needs help;
Red and black wire - this is how the wires in a cigarette lighter kit are usually marked. To avoid any discrepancies, the red wire is used to connect the “positive” terminals of the battery. Traditionally they are marked in red, so it will be easier to remember.

Beginners may have difficulty identifying “+” and “-” on a battery. In order to avoid confusion in any case, you need to know that the positive terminals are always thicker than the negative terminals. The black wire is connected only to the negative terminals; they can also be marked blue and they are always thinner than the positive terminals.

Common mistakes when lighting a cigarette

Starting the engine from another battery is a very risky endeavor. To avoid problems, you must follow the following rules:

do not allow one wire to be connected to terminals of different polarities on two batteries;
avoid contact between the clamps on the black and red cable;
never light a broken car with obvious signs of faulty wiring;
start the donor engine while the engine of the second car is running, if their batteries are connected by wires;
If possible, avoid lighting at low temperatures.

It must be remembered that as a result of lighting the donor battery, the donor battery will be partially or completely discharged. For this reason, if it is not charged enough, then after helping the second car it will no longer be possible to start. The risk of this increases many times at low temperatures outside.

Correct connection sequence

Particular attention should be paid to the sequence of connecting the starting wires. If everything is simple with connecting the positive wires, then the negative wires must be connected correctly.

You cannot connect two negative terminals to each other, this is due to the following reasons:

if a discharged battery is faulty (short-circuited), current will flow to it with little resistance, this will give time to assess the situation and turn off the donor;
During startup, large currents arise and flammable gas is released from the battery. Since there will be no source of sparks nearby, the likelihood of it igniting is minimized;
The positive terminals are connected first, so that if touched carelessly, the possibility of a short circuit is eliminated.

When connecting wires, you must be very careful and do everything correctly. Mistakes can lead to failure of fuses or electrical devices, and sometimes to a car fire.

Do not connect two negative battery terminals to each other.

Video: sequence of connecting wires

Who shouldn't be smoked

Try to avoid cars with old batteries. An over-aged battery is a complete headache: after 4-5 years of intensive use, there comes a time when it can short out or, even worse, explode. By helping such a battery, the donor can easily burn the electronics. What else is worth explaining to the person in need is the reasons why the car battery is discharged overnight, so that the next morning does not again turn into a “vote” for him.

Myths and horror stories

There are a wide variety of recommendations for lighting a car, not supported by logic or facts. And these myths are very tenacious. We are so constructed that we willingly believe them. It's time to get rid of stereotypes.

Myth 1. You can’t light a car in the cold. When else should you light it? In summer, such problems occur extremely rarely, which cannot be said about winter. Temperature does not affect the success of the task, the main thing is that the donor car is warmed up and its battery is fully charged.

Myth 2. You can’t light a fuel-injected car. Can! The type of fuel system does not affect the battery in any way. And there are fewer and fewer carburetor cars.

Myth 3. Lighting a cigarette can damage cars, in particular the ECU. If done correctly, it won't do any harm, it's just recharging the battery. But it’s better not to make mistakes!

Conclusion

Whether to help a neighbor who is in an unpleasant situation or not, everyone decides for himself. Sometimes you have to refuse if your own battery is “on its last legs” or the recipient car is clearly larger and more powerful. But if there is an opportunity to help, it is better to do so. And help out a person, and give yourself a “plus” in your karma.

Well, in order not to get lost in difficult situations, you can purchase a high-quality lighting kit in advance and carry it in the trunk. Then it will definitely be easier to persuade someone to help, or even to become a good wizard yourself.

Starter chargers and boosters

Now you can not only conveniently buy a car battery with delivery, but also easily select the optimal ROM for its regular maintenance. The universal device is used to correctly restore battery capacity from a 220V network. It is capable of starting the engine both with preliminary partial recharging and instantly during a deep discharge. An important feature of starting-chargers is high starting currents of 400-700 amperes or more.

Standing apart are compact starting devices - boosters (jump starters), which are completely autonomous and act as an effective alternative to lighting a cigarette from another car. They are equipped as standard with crocodiles and high-capacity lithium-polymer batteries. One charge is enough for 4-5 successful starts with a power of 150-1000 amperes. Foreign batteries work well with boosters, for example, Hankook car batteries (manufactured by AtlasBX Co. Ltd South Korea), and domestic brands “Zver”, “Akom”, “Titan-Standard”, “Sibir”.

Other ways to start the engine

If there is no other car nearby and it is impossible to light a cigarette, then you can use alternative methods of starting the engine. Some of which we will briefly look at below.

Using a special starting charger

The starting charger is connected to the network, the switch is set to the “start” position, the wire with the “+” sign is connected to the positive terminal, and the wire with the “-” sign is connected to the engine block, next to the starter. The ignition key is turned, the car starts, the device turns off. This is a very simple, affordable and universal method that is suitable for any vehicle model.

Increased current

Battery charging is possible with increased current. The battery cannot be removed from the car, but for a car with an on-board computer, the negative terminal must be removed. The difference between standard values and increased current should not be more than 30%. The filler plugs open, the electrolyte level will remain within normal limits. Charging time is about half an hour, then the car starts. This method reduces the battery life, so experts do not recommend using it often.

Towing

This method is only suitable for cars with a manual transmission. It is also often called “from the pusher”. Two cars are connected with a strong cable 4-6 meters long and accelerated to reach a speed of 10-15 km/h. The towed vehicle engages 3rd gear and gradually releases the clutch. If there is no second car, human hands come to help. The car is pushed from behind, acceleration is carried out downhill or on a flat road surface.

Crooked starter

The car is jacked up, a strong rope 5-6 meters long is wound onto one of the drive wheels, the ignition and direct transmission are turned on. At the next stage, the rope jerks sharply, and if the wheel is well spun, the car starts.

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How to properly “light” a car from another car